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Mechanics of breathing in the human lungs :
The main muscles used in breathing are diaphragm and external intercostals.

Inspiration Process:
-Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals
-rib cage raised up, diaphragm becomes flatter
-increase in lung volume
-decrease in chest pressure
(V increases, P decreases)

Expiration process:
-Diaphragm and external intercostals relax
-Diaphragm raised to dome shahpe and lowers rib cage
-decrease in lung volume
-increase in pressure
(V decreases, P increases)
-Expiration process, air released out

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Pig Lung Direction
Observation: We were able to touch and see the actual lung. I thought it was cool how the actual alveoli had a texture that was different that what I imagined. It was vividly red, and the surface looked smooth at first glance but it actually had bunch of alveoli packed together with texture that resembled bubble-wraps.
Question: How does lung look like when it has disease, or damage in alveoli/bronchi?

Nasal passageways warms the inhaled hair, therefore the atmosphere temperature is lower than the air that has passed through the nasal passageway. The nasal passage warms the air to improve the lung function, filter to keep away from toxic particles, and humidify the air that we breathe by adding moisture to the air to prevent dryness of the lining of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Lungs also warms the air, but not as much as the nasal passage.

# data[].attributes.body
The data turned out to have less breathing while sitting down, and comparatively higher breathing rate while running.  As exercising requires energy, more breathing is required at the same time to produce ATP. Respiration creates ATP in cells  by using oxygen and glucose to create ATP, H2O, and CO2. The inhaled oxygen is converted to CO2 in lungs (gas exchange), and it is carried to cells through bloodstreams to produce ATP in mitochondria. Therefore, the more exercise the more breathing by inhaling more oxygen.

Internal Respiration: It occurs in mitochondria. It exchanges oxygen with glucose to produce energy, H2O, and CO2.

External Respiration: It occurs in lungs. The main function is to exchange oxygen to CO2 through inhaling and exhaling.

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Breathing Rate Investigation
We started an experiment to find out the effect of exercise on breathing rate by attaching a straw on neck where our pulse can be found.
In the video, the attached straw (transparent, so it's a bit hard to see in the video) moves slightly as the pulse.
Result -
Breathing rate while running in one place had higher breathing rate compared to breathing rate sitting down.
What structures do you think are most directly involved in what you see?

I would say the most directly involved structure is lungs and diaphragm, and muscles around the rib (external intercostal muscle).

How are these structures interacting with each other to create what you see?
When I breathe in from the nose, it goes through larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and to alveoli. When I exhale, the air goes from alveoli to bronchiole, bronchi, trachea, larynx, then to nose. This processed is repeated as I breathe in and out.

What do you think would happen to the straw if you did this after running stairs and why does it happen?

If I do this after running stairs, the rate of straw moving back and forth will be in a higher frequency. It is because my breathing rate increases due to the need of the supply of the oxygen during exercising/moving muscles.