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In 1792 she published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman  it was about women’s rights and education, she thought that women should be involved in politics and medicine.

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Intellectuals, such as philosophers, during the enlightenment

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A french  philosopher and he thought that people shouldn’t be under any rule and the state of nature is good. He believed people are equal and should have consent in their government.

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An influential French writer, devoted himself to political liberty. He believed that Britain had the best government and was the most politically balanced country of his own day.  His most famous book was called, On the Spirit of Laws. The ideas in it would later be called checks and balances.

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François Marie Arouet, Created the pen name Voltaire, he published more than 70 books.They were political, dramatic and had philosophy. He was exiled to England for more than to years. While he had powerful enemies he never stopped fighting back

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A period in the mid-1700s also called the Age of Reason. It changed the views and many aspects of Europe. Intellectuals and thinkers began to spread and discover more ideas.

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believed everyone was good by nature and that people would learn from experience and would improve themselves. He favored a self-governed state and criticized absolute monarchies. Believed people are born free and equal and had three rights; liberty, life and property.

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Created by Thomas Hobbes. People created a government

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An English philosopher and he thought that people needed to be ruled and the state of nature wasn’t very good. Thought all humans were naturally selfish and wicked. Created the Social Contract in which people created a government

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States that every object in the universe attracts every other object. The amount of attraction depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them.

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Assistant of Tycho Brahe and when Brahe died in 1601, Kepler continued his work. Kepler was a mathematician and he found that all of the planets moved elliptically.

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A Greek astronomer, mathematician, geographer, and astrologer. His predictions of planetary positions and solar and lunar eclipses. He supported Aristotle's ideas.

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Made the Heliocentric theory. He published his findings in 1543 and died that same year

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Frances Bacon helped develop this. It is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. There are 4 steps:
1: A problem or question that comes from an observation
2: Forming a hypothesis
3: Testing the hypothesis with an experiment or data
4: Analyzing or interpreting the data to get to a new conclusion, which either proves the hypothesis right or wrong

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He helped bring together Copernicus’, Kepler’s, and Galileo’s theories into singles theories of motion. He created Newton's three laws of motions. He wrote a book called  ‘The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.’ it is one of the most important scientific books ever written.

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An Italian scientist that built on new theories of astronomy. When he was younger he learned that Dutch lens makers could make a lense that lets you see far off objects. He created his own telescope in 1609 so he could study the heavens.

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The theory that the sun was the center of the universe

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Began in the mid-1500s. Scholars published works that challenged the teachings of intellectuals before them. Many of their ideas also challenged the church. Many intellectuals changed how Europeans thought and this age became known as the Scientific Revolution.

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The theory that the Earth was the center of the universe