# data[].attributes.body
Pros
-- High validity due to it being a lab experiment
-- Both quantitative and qualitative data is gathered
-- High external reliability due to the experiment having a standardised procedure which was easy to follow and replicate
--The study has many practical applications as it improves understanding of visual deprivation

Cons
-- Experiment uses young and vulnerable animals so has lower ethics as it caused them harm and permanent damage
--Study had a very small sample so is less reliable as there was high individual differences.

# data[].attributes.body
Changes are not the consequence of degeneration.
-- There is no evidence that areas of the cortex were silent or that cortical cells were missing.

The difference between differently reared kittens suggests that neurons change their preferred orientation according to the stimulation that they receive.
-- This matches the ability of the brain to respond

# data[].attributes.body
Some visual defects were temporary
--The kitten's pupils responded normally to bright lights however they failed to reach their paws out when brought down towards a table. This is known as their visual placing.
-- They originally showed no startle responses when objects were brought quickly towards them.
-- They appeared frightened when they reached the edge of the surface that they were on.
-- These deficiencies however, disappeared within 10 hours of normal visual experience.
Some visual defects were however, permanent;
-- They bumped into stationary objects
-- When kittens followed moving objects, their movements were clumsy and not fluid or flowing
-- They were poor at judging distance when they were reaching for objects so often grasped for objects which out of their reach.

75% of neurons in both cats were binocular as in normal cats but had different sensitivities.
In each cat, no neurons preferred orientations within 20° of the opposite

# data[].attributes.body
The kittens were kept in complete darkness unless they were in the visual display apparatus or were being tested for the DV.

From 2 weeks to 5 months old each kitten spent 5 hours a day in a visual  display apparatus. The apparatus was a vertical cylinder that was 46cm wide.

The kitten saw no corners and the ceiling and lab floor were a long way away. The inner wall was covered with high contrast black and white stripes.

The findings were compared to the development of a normal cat.

The experiment was a lab experiment of independant measures design, so therefore had lots of controls. Some of these included, same environment other than the direction of the stripes in the cylinder. The cats also wore a collar so they couldn't see their own body which meant that they had no view of anything other than the stripes.

# data[].attributes.body
The dependant variable is the effects on the kittens of;
-- The ability to move around and respond to the movement of objects.
-- The ability to jump from a chair to the floor
-- The ability to follow a moving object
-- The ability to judge the distance of an object when reaching out to touch it
-- Startle responss
-- Response to a rod held either horizontally or vertically

# data[].attributes.body
The independant variable was the difference in the pattern of stripes within the visual display apparatus.

# data[].attributes.body
Participants in the study were laboratory raised kittens that were kept in complete darkness until they were 2 weeks old.

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a restricted environment, consisting of only either horizontal or vertically, on kitten's visual development.