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Claudette Colvin was arrested on March 2nd 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on an overcrowded segregated bus. Colvin was 15 when the incident happened and was charged with disturbing the peace,disobeying the segregation laws and battery and assault of a police officer. Her lawyer argued that no assault had taken place,with Colvin stating she feared she would be sexually assaultedby the officers as they made comments,about her body and "tried to guess her bra size". She was bailed out by her minister who told her that she had brought the civil rights movement to Montgomery after Martin Luther King JR and other activists had a meeting with the police commissioner regarding her arrest. Claudette Colvin inspired the Montgomery bus boycott but wasn't chosen to be the face of the movement. Instead the leaders opted for Rosa Park to lead the movement. It was said that this was decided as Claudette was 15 years old, pregnant, unmarried,had "scruffy hair" and was not fair skinned, it was noted that Rosa had a lighter skin tone than Claudette. Margot adler stated that they opted for Rosa Parks as she was more mature and had a more middle class appearance.

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african american civil rights and human rights activist
Premiere behind the scenes organiser co founder of the southern christian leadership
advised student activists organising the student non violent coordinating commitee to promote group centered leaders
mother of civil rights

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Federal Marshals’ response to the freedom riders’ bloodshed in Alabama

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Federal Marshals’ response to the freedom riders’ bloodshed in Alabama

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The violence toward the Freedom Riders was not quelled,rather, the police abandoned the Greyhound bus just before it arrived at the Montgomery, Alabama, terminal, where a white mob attacked the riders with baseball bats and clubs as they disembarked. Attorney General Kennedy sent 600 federal marshals to the city to stop the violence.

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-1925- 1965

-African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement.

-rose to prominence in the late 1940s, as a member of the Nation of Islam, a religious organization that mixes elements of traditional Islam and Black nationalism. He continued his activism after leaving the Nation.

-argued that more was at stake than the civil right to sit in a restaurant or even to vote. the most important issues were Black identity, integrity, and independence.

-helped to change the terms used to refer to African Americans from “Negro” and “coloured” to “Black” and “Afro-American.”

-February 21st 1965: he was assassinated while preparing to address the OAAU

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In 1957 a group of nine teenagers challenged the racial segregation that was occurring in schools which prevented Blacks and whites from attending some public schools together. The way they did this was by enrolling in an all white school which they later attended leading to them being escorted by armed police away from the premises.

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May 14th, 1961, Greyhound bus was first to arrive in Alabama.There, an angry mob of about 200 white people surrounded the bus, causing the driver to continue past the bus station.

The mob followed the bus in automobiles, and when the tires on the bus blew out, someone threw a bomb into the bus. The Freedom Riders escaped the bus as it burst into flames, only to be brutally beaten by members of the surrounding mob.

The second bus, a Trailways vehicle, traveled to Birmingham, Alabama, and those riders were also beaten by an angry white mob, many of whom brandished metal pipes.

Photographs of the burning Greyhound bus and the bloodied riders appeared on the front pages of newspapers throughout the country and around the world the next day, drawing international attention to the Freedom Riders’ cause and the state of race relations in the United States.

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In 1964, Hamer helped form freedom summer In the South bringing hundreds of collage students black and white together.

She believed that God was on her side and favoured everyone fighting for the rights and equality of black People.

She was apart of the mississpi freedom democratic party an  integrated group of activists who openly challenged the legality of Mississippi’s all-white, segregated delegation.

In 1962, she started to encourage African Americans to vote. Hamer became active in helping with the voter registration efforts.

Hamer dedicated her life to the fight for civil rights, working for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. The organisation was comprised mostly of African American students who engaged in acts of civil disobedience to fight racial segregation and injustice in the South.

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Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals. Freedom Riders tried to use “whites-only” restrooms and lunch counters at bus stations in Alabama, South Carolina and other Southern states. The groups were confronted by arresting police officers

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