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2154 samina
Genetically modified animals involves the altering of its genetic material by adding or removing certain DNA sequences to modify specific characteristics of animal or introduce a new trait such as disease resistance or enhanced growth.
In 1983 the first genetically modified animal , a mouse was created.

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Genetically Modified Animals are the animals that are genetically modified by altering their DNA sequence. Most often rats and mouse are genetically modified to carry out various researches and experiments. Recent advancement of

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genetically modified animals are the animals that have been genetically modified to modify specific characteristics of an animal or introduce a new trait. the first genetically modified animal was a mouse created in 1970s. the genetically modified animals offers benefits by enhancing the health and wwellbeing of the animals and improve industrial products

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The animals whose genome is altered for the purpose of modifying some of their specific characteristics are called genetically modified animals. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974.

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Genetically modified animals refer to those animals that have been genetically modified by altering their genes.
The first genetically modified animal is a mouse.
There are various purposes for genetically modifying an animal like drug resistance, enhancing the health of animal.

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Genetically modified animals are those animals with altered genetic material either by adding or removing certain DNA sequence in a certain way that does not occur naturally. Here, specific characteristic of animals are modified or new trait are introduce. Mouse is considered as the first animal to undergo gene modification in 1974.
Disadvanatges:
It impacts the ecosystem .
Competition for the survival with natural species.
Advanatges:
Fast growing animals with disease resistant.
Enhances the health of the animals.
Improves industrial products.

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A genetically modified animal is one whose genetic material has been altered by the use of genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology.
The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch.
Advantages:
1.Enhancing the health, well-being and welfare of the animal itself.
2. High-value industrial products.
3.Disease resistant animals.
Disadvantages:
1.Genetic Contamination.
2.Competition with Natural Species.
3.Disturbance in the ecosystem and food chain.

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Genetically modified animals are animals (particularly mice) that are genetically engineered for various research purposes. IN the lab, certain genes of mice are overexpressed, under expressed or deleted to study the pattern of production of certain protein.
Modern day CRISPR is also used in cows, buffaloes in order to increase meat and milk productivity.

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Genetically modified animals one whose genetic material has been altered by adding, changing, or removing certain DNA sequences. The first genetically modified animal is the mouse, which was created in 1974.
Risk :
Ecosystem Impacts - The effects of changes in a single species may extend well beyond to the ecosystem. Single impacts are always joined by the risk of ecosystem damage and destruction.

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Genetically modified animals are the animals whose genetic material have altered inorder to modify specific characters to introduce new traits like disease resistance, inhanced growth etc.

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Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes including producing drugs, enhancing yields, increasing resistance to disease, etc.

The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983

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Genetically modified animals are the animals whose genes are genetically engineered to incorporate different genes into their genome so as to enhance certain advantageous characteristics usually for commercial purpose.

the first genetically modified animal is a mouse.

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-Genetically Modified Animals are those animals whose genes and DNA have been altered by recombination for mainly laboratory researches. The 1st Genetically Modified Animal was a mouse.
-The advantages of genetically are that those animals can be used for producing drugs such as insulin, enhance the quality of products.
-These animals can also have negative impacts on ecosystems by creating an unbalance in food chain and creating competition with natural animals. these organisms could also be resistant to certain drugs and could cause many diseases.

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Insect resistant crops are the genetically modified plants that are resistant to certain insects.

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Insect resistant crops refer to the corps which are genetically modified so that they are toxic to specific insects. It was first commercialized in 1990s.

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Insect resistant crops are the genetically modified crops that are resistant to insects.

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Insect resistant crops are the crops that have been genetically modified so they are toxic to certain insects

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Insect resistant crops refers to those crops that are either naturally or through genetic engineering are able to resist insect damage.
These crops were commercialized firstly in the 1990s.
Bt toxin ,a gene for the toxins, which is only harmful to the insects that eat the plants is taken from a bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis.

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The genetically modified crops that can resist the adverse effects of insects are called insect resistant crops. These crops were commercialized firstly in the 1990s.  A gene for a toxin, Bt toxin, which is only harmful to the insects that eat the plants is taken from a bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis.

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Insect resistant crop refers to those crops which are genetically modified and so they are toxic to certain insect. It was first commercialized in 1990.

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Insect resistant crop are the genetically modified/ engineered crops that are resistant to insects. We can engineer genetically modified crop by insertion and expression of genes showing resistance to insect pests. the preparation can be done by use of delta endotoxin coding sequences obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium or genes encoding lectins or enzyme inhibitors derived from plant species.

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Insect-resistant crops are genetically modified in a way that is toxic to certain insects. they were first introduced in the 1990s with the introduction of gm corns, potato and cotton plants. We can obtain the insect-resitant crop by expression of genes that show resistance to certain insects.

genetically modified anima;

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Insect resistant crops are genetically engineered crops that are resistant to insects.

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Herbicide-resistant crops refer to the crops able to resist the application of different herbicides.
Advantages:
The herbicide can kill the surrounding weeds and promote the growth of herbicide-resistant crops, increasing the yield of crops.
Disadvantage:
They promote the significant use of herbicide which is disadvantageous to our ecosystem.
Some of the weeds may become resistant to the herbicide

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Herbicide resistant crops are the crops which a

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Herbicide Resistant plants are the plants that are genetically modified/engineered to resist/tolerate certain herbicides. These plants kill the surrounding weeds/herbicides but don't affect the growing crops. These plants ensure that the growing plants get all the nutrients from the soil and gives high productivity of the plants. They also ensure a high yield of the plants. However, these plants can't possess a threat to humans and other animals. The chemicals in these plants can cause various health hazards.

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Herbicide-resistant crops are designed to kill the surrounding flora, but leave the cultivated crop intact. It helps in weed control.
Benefit:
Excellent weed control and higher crop yields.
Reduce soil compaction
Disadvantage :
Health risk

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Herbicide resistant crops are those genetically modified crops whose genome's are engineered to become resistant to herbicides that hinder the growth of surrounding crops.

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Genetic Technology is the branch of biotechnology which deals with the genetic modification/ engineering of gene sequences, genome, etc.
The first genetically modified plant was tobacco/tomato and the first animal was a mouse.
Genetically modified organisms show high crop productivity and higher yield.

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Gene technology is a branch of biotechnology which allows the direct modification or removal or transfer of genes between species.
First genetic modification of plant is tobacco and animal is mouse.

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Gene technology is a brach of biotechnology that allows modification of the organism's genome. The most recently developed gene technology is CRISPR-Cas 9 system which was developed by Jennifer Doudna and Emanuella. Previously, restriction enzymes purified from bacteria were used to make cleavage at specific sites of DNA, add required primers and the gene of interest and express it in the plasmid DNA of E. Coli. Moreover, use of gene technology is also helpful is searching a gene for a protein. In CRISPR - Cas 9 system however, a guide RNA along with the bacterial immune protein Cas - 9, is used to make cuts in the DNA at specific strands.

For plants, the most common gene technology is the mechanistic use of "mRNA cleavage by the RISC Complex in RNAi (RNA intereference)." If we wish to downregulate a certain protein, then we can introduce a complementary mRNA strand to that protein in the plants. Together, with the RISC complext this mRNA protein is cleaved. This is helpful because use of genetic technology in plants allows better crop productivity, resistance to diseases, high yiled. (for instance, downregulation of ethylene will improve the Harvesting index of plants)

The disadvantage of gene technology is one of ethical reasons. Also, misuse of gene technology into making biological weapons can be consequential.

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Gene technology is a modern technology that allows the modification of genes in various living forms.
First plant is tobacco and the first organism is mouse that were genetically modified.
Genetically modified organism->When organisms are changed using Gene technology. They are known as genetically modified organism.
Advantages:
Stronger and healthier plants and animals
Allows production of better food products.
Improves growth rates of crops.
Could stop genetic diseases.
Disadvantages:
This technique can be easily abused.
Limits the amount of diversity available.
Does not guarantee higher nutritional values.

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Gene technology is the branch of modern biotechnology transfer, removal or modification of gene among various species. Gene technology is also used to introduce a gene from an unrelated species or to introduce a gene constructed in the laboratory. Genetically modified cotton is a  example in agriculture. We can also use genetic engineering to create larger yields from our crops. Genetic engineering allows us to create food products that have a better nutritional profile and also increase the rate of maturity that can be achieved for products within our food chain. They can also be modified to grow in harsher climates compared to plants without genetic engineering .Genetic technology is already used in medicine to create a variety of treatments. We have vaccines, insulin, and even hormone treatments available

Herbicide resistance is the inherited ability of an individual plant to survive a herbicide application that would kill a normal population of the same species/surrounding vegetation. It's advantages are reduced numbers of sprays in a season ,have weed control which increases the crops yielding significantly.

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It is branch of biotechnology in which modification in the gene is allowed in one organism and is transfered it into another such that the altered gene is expressed in its new host.
For example: Insecticide producing gene from bacteria is inserted into the plant. Later , the plant itself starts to produce the insecticide making the plant resistant to its respective pest.
Advantages:
More nutritious food, disease resistant plants.
Disadvantages
Lack of diversity within genetic profile of the species making it more susceptible to pests.

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Gene technology involves the introduction of new genes in the laboratory. It allows the direct modification and removal, the transmission of the gene.
It benefits agriculture by growing crop yields, reduces the cost for foods, enhanced nutrient composition, and food quality.
The disadvantage of gene technology is like there may be unknown side effects of outcomes. They can harm insects. Certain changes in a plant or animal could cause unpredicted allergic reactions.
When plants, animals, and other organisms are changed using gene technology they are known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

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theGene technology->It is a branch of  biotechnology that helps in the study of genes.It alters the genes of an organism ultimately altering it phenotypically.It allows the modification or removal of genes and even to transfer from one organism to another.

Genetically modified organism->When organisms are changed using Gene technology,they are known as genetically modified organism(GMO).The first animal to go under this procedure is a mouse,making it worlds's first transgenic mouse.And the first plant to go under this procedure is tobacco.

How does it work?
In this process,the gene is physically removed from one organism and is transferred to another ,giving it the ability to show the traits that is encoded by the transferred genes.

ADVANTAGES->
there will be good weed control hence there will be higher crop yield.
The invasive plants can be excluded resulting in highly nutritious crops
Improves the growth rate of crops

DISADVANAGES
They promote the herbicides significantly
As they are not eco friendly,they do not benefit the environment in the long run.

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Gene technology is the biological technique to transfer or integrate different genes in the organism to produce genetically modified specimen.
The first animal to undergo genetic modification is mouse and plant is tobacco and tomato.
Advantage:
Can make more favorable plants; resistance to disease, high yield, quality improved, suitable character enhanced among many other advantages.
Disadvantage:
Ethical issues whether we are allowed to change the course of nature.
Decreased variation/ diversity in alleles.
It might have negative consequences in the biodiversity as they have specific niche in the ecosystem and therefore can affect the productivity of other species.

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LeLe : Pure Tall
Lele: hybrid tall
lele: pure dwarf
Homozygous lele plants are dwarf because they do not contain alleles for tall trait and doesn't activate the synthesis of enzyme
The advantage of fast response to stimuli for plants are;
1. fast response in the  change in environmental conditions
2. proper coordination in different part of plant body
3. to maintain water potential of the cell
4. response of sensitive plants may make it more difficult for herbivores to eat their leaves

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LeLe- pure tall
Lele- hybrid tall
lele- pure dwarf
Homozygous (lele) plants are gentetically dwarf as they do not contain the alleles that activates the synthesis of gibberelin.allows the plant to adapt and react to

Fast response

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LeLe - Pure tall
Lele - Hybrid tall
lele - Pure Dwarf

The advantages to plants of having fast responses to stimuli is that it saves the energy in the plants by avoiding unnecessary resistance. It allows plants to respond quickly and adapt to environmental changes.

All or nothing law suggests that until a certain threshold value is reached, the intensity of the stimuli has no effect on the plant’s response.

The benefits to Venus flytrap of digesting insects is that      they are the source of nitrogen for the them. As they are adapted to grow in nitrogen deficient areas, they must trap the insects. Additionally they are also source of other biomolecules and energy for the overall development of the flytrap

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Lele gives hybrid tall. LeLe gives pure tall. lele gives pure dwarf. The lele gives dwarf plant because the allele in the genes of the plant doesn't activate the synthesis of the enzymes, that results in the deactivation of gibberelin.

1. Fast responses to the external stimuli allow proper coordination between the different systems of the plant body. This allows the plants to adapt, react to the changes in the environmental conditions. Also helps to cope with the adverse environmental conditions.
2. Venus fly trap react to the stimuli that are Above a certain threshold.

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LeLe= Tall
Lele= Tall
lele= Dwarf because both the alleles code for dwarf plants.