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A Mexican laborer allowed in the U.S. to fill in as a temporary agricultural worker. Part of the Bracero Program.

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A permit allowing someone to work and live permanently in the United States. Raul was able to obtain a green card.

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In 1985, Raul immigrated from Mexico to Michigan in hope of discovering his American Dream and to live a better life for him and his family. For his first three years, his only job was to pick tomatoes in crop season. Within the first year he traveled back to Mexico for his family. Since the trip was so expensive this was the last time he traveled to Mexico. When working in the U.S. he sent money to his wife and kids who were unable to immigrate with him. After a few years he moved to California to live with his sister and work in a furniture manufacturing company since his sister was married to the manager. He continued to send the little wage he made to his family. After eleven years he moved to Iowa where he got a job at a packing company. since he got his green card, he was able to bring his family into the U.S. Also, he has applied for his citizenship and passed his citizenship test. There are many immigrants like Raul who can't fin many opportunities in Mexco and are forced to immigrate to the U.S.

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A limit to an amount of people. Quotas established in the U.S. made it difficult for Mexicans to enter the country at times.

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The association founded by Cesar Chavez to help improve labor conditions and wages for immigrant workers.

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Cesar Chavez was born in Arizona in 1927. Both of his parents were born in Mexico but immigrated to the United States. From a very young age, Cesar was exposed to injustice. However, early in his career he opposed illegal immigration and encouraged Border Patrol. In 1962, he founded the United Farm Workers association and remained President until a few years before his death in 1993. He quickly gained many followers. The UFW led nonviolent protests in order to improve the work conditions and increase the wage of immigrant farmers across the nation (Hesson).

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Benson, Sonia, et al. "Mexican Immigration." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History, vol. 5, UXL, 2009, pp. 997-1002. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3048900395/UHIC?u=ahsmedia&xid=54febf36. Accessed 14 Mar. 2018.

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Hesson, Ted. “Cesar Chavez's Complex History on Immigration.” ABC News, ABC News Network, 1 May 2013, abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/cesar-chavezs-complex-history-immigration/story?id=19083496.

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Vatz, Stephanie. “Interactive Timeline: History of Immigration in America | The Lowdown | KQED News.” KQED, 2 Nov. 2017, www.kqed.org/lowdown/7383/u-s-immigration-policy-timeline-a-long-history-of-dealing-with-newcomers.

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As a result of the Mexican American War, the United States  received over 500,000 square miles from Mexico. This land included parts of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. The Mexicans living in that area were given the choice to become U.S. citizens. Almost 80,000 Mexicans joined the U.S.(Benson). This was more of a pull factor because Mexicans had the opportunity to enter the country.

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In 1910, Mexico faced major economic and political problems inside its country. A massive amount of Mexican Immigration occurred due to hardship in the country, especially from impoverished rural areas. This was a push factor because Mexicans felt that they needed to exit from their country. The United States government forced Mexicans out after some time and placed stricter laws limiting immigration in response.

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During World War One, the U.S. suffered massive amounts of labor shortages. They wanted help from Mexico to fill in for these labor shortages. However, this replacement was only temporary.

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During this difficult time in the United States, thousands of Mexicans living there decided to return to Mexico. Americans also began sending Mexican immigrants back to their home country.

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Starting in 1942, the U.S. once again wanted the help of Mexico to fill in for jobs during the war. This started the Bracero Program, which the United States offered to Mexico. It stated that any Mexicans that immigrated to the U.S. were given temporary housing and were to be paid if they did the labor. This brought roughly two million Mexicans into the country. Most of the things the United States promised, including wage, was not given to the Braceros (Vatz).

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The United States government allowed an increase in overall immigration and ended harsh quotas with this act. Because of this,  many Mexicans were able to enter the country. In addition, this brought an end to the Bracero Program. Ten years later, there were amendments to this act which increased the immigration limitations which brought more Mexican immigrants into the country. This was a pull factor because it became easier for Mexicans to enter the country (Vatz).

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Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act 1996

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Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act 1996

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This was an act passed by Bill Clinton where immigrants who were found in the country illegally for more than one year were banned for ten years unless they obtained a waiver of extreme hardship. Amendments to these rules came one year later. These amendments included the establishment of Border Control. Mexicans who were illegal became very nervous in response to this act and struggled to find ways to

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Over time, the United States has treated Mexican Immigration extremely differently. Sometimes the U.S. welcomed Mexicans into the country for labor purposes, other times there were strong quotas limiting Mexican Immigration. The United States creates these laws based on what they need at the time as a country.

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US-Immigration.com. “US-Immigration.com.” US Immigration Blog RSS, 15 Oct. 2014, www.us-immigration.com/blog/story-of-a-mexican-immigrant-raul/.

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“Implementing Immigration Changes.” Migration News | Migration Dialogue, Apr. 1997, migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/more.php?id=1198.

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“The Story of Cesar Chavez.” The Story of Cesar Chavez – UFW, United Farm Workers, ufw.org/research/history/story-cesar-chavez/.

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Bso. “37 Maps That Prove That America Is A Nation Of Immigrants.” The Best Stuff Online, 11 Mar. 2017, www.thebeststuffonline.net/37-maps-that-prove-that-america-is-a-nation-of-immigrants/.

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Fanning, Rhonda. “Latino Activists: Keep This 'Racist,' 'Poorly Written' Textbook Out of Texas Classrooms.” KUT, 25 May 2016, kut.org/post/latino-activists-keep-racist-poorly-written-textbook-out-texas-classrooms.