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juncus effusus with the normal names basic surge or delicate surge, is a lasting herbaceous blooming plant species in the family Juncaceae. In North America, the regular name delicate surge additionally alludes to Juncus inside.

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Đăng tâm thảo | Công ty Cổ phần dược liệu Việt Nam

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VIETNAM MEDICINAL MATERIALS JOINT STOCK COMPANY

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java moss
Java moss is a greenery having a place with the Hypnaceae family. Local to Southeast Asia, it is ordinarily utilized as a part of freshwater aquariums. It appends to rocks, roots, and driftwood.

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Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri or Vesicularia dubyana) is a popular and adaptable aquarium plant. It has miniscule leaves lined up along spindly stems that grow in all directions. Like all mosses, it does not have true roots. It uses rhizoids to attach itself to hard surfaces like wood or rock. It grows primarily above the water line where humidity is high; however, it is able to adapt to being completely submerged in water, and it can also grow free floating.

Care Level: Easy
Preferred Water: pH 5.5 to 8.0, Soft to Hard
Minimum Lighting: Low
Temperature: 64°F to 86°F (17.78°C to 30°C)
Leaf Size: Length, 1 mm or less

Java Moss originates from Southeast Asia, where it can be found in moist regions growing on rocks and wood along river banks.

It is easy to propagate Java Moss. While it is not a fast grower, it can be split into multiple plants simply by cutting the existing plant into two or more pieces. Java Moss does not require much in the way of resources. It can grow under low light and low temperatures. You can increase its growth rate slightly with the addition of liquid fertilizer, as it receives all of its nutrition by absorbing it through the water column via the leaves.

Java Moss is comfortable in warm waters and temperate waters, which make it a very versatile plant for aquarium use. It is used extensively in aquascaping, from background to foreground locations. It can be attached to wood or other decorations to create a wild aesthetic or a manicured one. When first adding Java Moss to your aquarium, you can attach it to a hard surface by using cotton thread or gel super glue. After a while the plant will attach itself to the surface with many small rhizoids. At this time you can remove the thread.

Java Moss is an excellent plant for use in a nursery tank. The tiny, intertwining leaves and stems make the perfect shelter for fish fry and shrimplets. Tiny invertebrates and worms also make their homes within the plant's fluffy interior, provided an ample source of food for fry.

Some aquatic pets will eat Java Moss, so be sure to research whether this will become a problem for you. In my experience, amphipods (scuds) will gladly devour the tiny leaves if there is no preferred food available. I have also found that while scuds will feed on this plant, if conditions are right, the moss should be able to outpace their appetite.

Let me know what you think of this species profile.

Featured image credit: Buchling. Source: Wikipedia.org

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Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri) - Species Profile

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Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri or Vesicularia dubyana) is a popular and adaptable aquarium plant. It has miniscule leaves lined up along spindly stems that grow in all directions. Like all mosses, it does not have true roots. It uses rhizoids to attach itself to hard surfaces like wood or rock.

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average rainfall

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More than 700 species of fish live In Fresh Water biomes like lakes and ponds. Ponds and lakes are not very deep. Freshwater biomes are home to many nutrients and minerals. The Florida Everglades...

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The lights blue lines in this map represent most of the rivers all around the world. As you can see mostly all the continents have rivers in them. The teal colored dots represent the lakes and...

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Shrimp
Fish
both are related because they both live in the ocean

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Lakes
65-75 35-45
very deep
very salty
algae grows
turtle water
harms environment
photic zone
Aphotic zone
benthic zone

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Recent research has found that human activity is pushing salt into freshwater rivers and streams across the United States. The increased levels of salinity and alkalinization are damaging now water pipes and compromising drinking water.

A new study, conducted by researchers from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies , the University of Maryland , the University of Virginia , and Chatham University , is the first of its kind that takes a long-term approach to analyzing freshwater streams and rivers to show increases in salt levels.

"Long-term monitoring is vital to understanding the pressures facing our nation's freshwaters from increased salt loading, and for guiding strategies that protect drinking water," said Gene E. Likens, a co-author of the research.

The study was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

According to Likens, road salt, irrigation runoff, sewage, and acid rain are some of the major drivers of increased salt levels in freshwater. As salt and alkaline levels increase in rivers and streams, it changes the chemical composition of the water.

The researchers found that in the midwest, fertilizers had the biggest impact on salt runoff, whereas in the northeast, winter road salting was the biggest culprit.

Salt ions and an increase in alkalization can leach lead from water pipes that supply drinking water to cities, which can cause numerous health problems.

The researchers reviewed five decades of data from 232 U.S Geological Survey stream water monitoring sites.

The results showed that 37 percent of the drainage area of the continuous US had a drastic increase in both salinity and alkalization, and these increases were found in major rivers like the Mississippi and the Potomac.

"Many people assume that when you apply salt to the landscape, it just gets washed away and disappears. But salt accumulates in soils and groundwater and takes decades to get flushed out," said Sujay Kaushal from the University of Maryland, the study's lead author.

The study is important because of its use of long-term data that shows how much water sources are affected by salt runoff from human activities. The next steps are finding ways to mitigate salt runoff and decrease alkalinization in rivers and streams.

Some of the recommended management strategies include wetting roads before salting them so the salt sticks to the pavement, or using brine instead of salt to stop ice from forming.

Another important takeaway from the study is that drinking water pipes need to be monitored for signs of corrosion or mineral deposit buildup.

"In the US, many rely on a patchwork of aging pipes to bring drinking water into their homes," said Likens. "Lead in pipes, solder, and joints is not uncommon, especially in our older cities. These pipes are vulnerable to saltier, more alkaline water, which can release toxic metals, such as lead, and other contaminants."

Topics: Freshwater

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Freshwater streams and rivers are being polluted with salt * Earth.com

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Recent research has found that human activity is pushing salt into freshwater rivers and streams across the United States. The increased levels of salinity and alkalinization are damaging now water pipes and compromising drinking water.

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Marine
Sea
39 Fahrenheit
very deep
salty
algae
shrimp water
feeds water
water cycle
transportation

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Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. There exists a vast and varied world of algae that are not only helpful to us, but are critical to our existence.

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Calculations have shown that 10 per cent of all plastic produced around the world ultimately ends up in the oceans. As a result, a large majority of global marine debris is in fact plastic waste. Human production of plastics is a well-known environmental concern, but few studies have studied the effects of tiny plastic particles, known as nanoplastic particles.

"Our study is the first to show that nanosized plastic particles can accumulate in fish brains," says Tommy Cedervall, a chemistry researcher at Lund University.

The Lund University researchers studied how nanoplastics may be transported through different organisms in the aquatic ecosystem, i.e. via algae and animal plankton to larger fish. Tiny plastic particles in the water are eaten by animal plankton, which in turn are eaten by fish.

According to Cedervall, the study includes several interesting results on how plastic of different sizes affects aquatic organisms. Most importantly, it provides evidence that nanoplastic particles can indeed cross the blood-brain barrier in fish and thus accumulate inside fish's brain tissue.

In addition, the researchers involved in the present study have demonstrated the occurrence of behavioural disorders in fish that are affected by nanoplastics. They eat slower and explore their surroundings less. The researchers believe that these behavioural changes may be linked to brain damage caused by the presence of nanoplastics in the brain.

Another result of the study is that animal plankton die when exposed to nanosized plastic particles, while larger plastic particles do not affect them. Overall, these different effects of nanoplastics may have an impact on the ecosystem as a whole.

"It is important to study how plastics affect ecosystems and that nanoplastic particles likely have a more dangerous impact on aquatic ecosystems than larger pieces of plastics," says Tommy Cedervall.

However, he does not dare to draw the conclusion that plastic nanoparticles could accumulate in other tissues in fish and thus potentially be transmitted to humans through consumption.

"No, we are not aware of any such studies and are therefore very cautious about commenting on it," says Tommy Cedervall.

The present study was conducted in collaboration between the divisions of Biochemistry and structural biology, Aquatic ecology and Center for environmental and climate research at Lund University.

Journal Reference:

Karin Mattsson, Elyse V. Johnson, Anders Malmendal, Sara Linse, Lars-Anders Hansson, Tommy Cedervall. Brain damage and behavioural disorders in fish induced by plastic nanoparticles delivered through the food chain. Scientific Reports, 2017; 7 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10813-0

Cite This Page:

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fish; ecology research; fisheries; marine biology; ecology; ecosystems; atmosphere; recycling and waste

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Brain damage in fish from plastic nanoparticles in water

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Calculations have shown that 10 per cent of all plastic produced around the world ultimately ends up in the oceans. As a result, a large majority of global marine debris is in fact plastic waste. Human production of plastics is a well-known environmental concern, but few studies have studied the effects of tiny plastic particles, known as nanoplastic particles.

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Apple: Apple needs to make a live shrimp emoji