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Animals adjust their behavior to light levels and tides.

Some animals also follow a circadian rhythm that changes the animal's mentality and affects them physically.

Example: European Badgers tend to urinate and mate in the New Moon rather than the Full Moon. This is so that they may protect themselves from predators.

Example: Pets tend to injure themselves more during the Full Moon than any other time period. Researchers found a 23% increase in cats and a 28% increase in dogs. Researchers still aren't knowledgeable as to why but believe its because pets spend more time outside in the Full Moon.

How Changes in Environment Affect Fitness

The Full Moon effects fitness because it changes the activity of nocturnal animals by making them hide and is a cue for synchronized actions of some animals.

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The clock regulates critical functions such as behavior, hormone levels, sleep, body temperature and metabolism. As humans we need regular sleeping and eating schedules to keep all of our clocks in sync.

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Our blood pressure goes up, hunger hormones get thrown off and blood sugar control goes south.We can all recover from an occasional all-nighter, an episode of jet lag or short-term disruptions. But over time, if living against the clock becomes a way of life, this may set the stage for weight gain and metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes.

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Male Great Tits sexual patterns influence their circadian rhythms, the Great Tit must have shorter periods of sleeping to be able to mate outside of their monogamous mating bond. Whereas an animal that begins their day later may not have that option. This ensures that the future offspring will be better equipped to further their gene pool of early risers.

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In some areas, such as the Arctic, it can be light or dark all day long.  Due to this, many animals, such as arctic reindeer, lose their circadian  clock completely or mostly.

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The Sleep Deprivation Generation: Human Sleep Disorders

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The Sleep Deprivation Generation: Human Sleep Disorders

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From jet lag to narcolepsy, to insomnia and sleepwalking, there are many disorders that obstruct the natural human circadian balance.

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Without the circadian rhythms, animals lose their internal clock that assists them in foraging and sleep.
However, these animals do not lose the sense of when to mate and migrate.

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Cicada

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How changes in the environment affect fitness?

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How changes in the environment affect fitness?

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Although, like humans, geese are diurnal, during the migratory months geese become nocturnal, only flying at night. According to the Washington Post most migratory birds fly at night. However changes in the environment such as a bad storm or an eclipse can leave geese to believe that is is night time, which could mess up their circadian rhythm. According to AllAboutBirds.org birds after migration birds always return to the place they were born , however, new building and landscaping can prevent them from recognizing the area.

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The bristle worm mates every season under the new moon. They know when to mate because they have an internal clock that tells them when it is the new moon (or dark outside). These worms actually have two clocks the lunar clock which tells them when it is the new moon and the circadian clock, that is their daily clock. Scientists did an experiment on Bristle Worms and shut off their circadian clock however, what scientists found out was that even without the circadian clock their lunar clock still works. This proves that the worms will always know when to mate because it is a natural instinct to help populate their community.

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When they travel in large groups, they diminish the possibility of being attacked by predators. The rhythmic nature of the rise and fall of protein concentration enables the animal to know the time.

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Description of behavior with regards to timing and coordination. 

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Description of behavior with regards to timing and coordination. 

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Larger groups of geese tend to migrate only a few weeks before winter. Majority of nesting areas for Canadian geese are found in the arctic where it is most secure. According to sora.unm.edu geese are only observed flying when the sun, moon, are stars are visible.

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The affect of changes in the environment

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The affect of changes in the environment

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The bristle worms mate under a new moon. There is complete darkness when this process is occurring. Knowing this, you can infer that the light would have a negative affect on the reproduction process. However there is many factors that contribute to the addition of light when there should be darkness. This could cause a decrease in the population. Without the total darkness required to reproduce, the bristle worms could ultimately never reproduce.

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The British Great Tits lay their first clutch of eggs two years earlier than 50 years ago. They are adapting to global warming by also laying their eggs earlier in the spring.

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Jet lag, resisting fatigue, staying up all night doing homework, and many other behaviors contribute to unhealthy sleep patterns and habits. These habits can result in serious sleep disorders that can displace your circadian rhythm.

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Narcolepsy, FFI (Fatal Familial Insomnia), obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, and night terrors are all examples of genetic sleep disorders.

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- Independent circatidal body clock that follows the 12.4 hour cycle of the tide.
- Changes in the tide have little to no effect on the Sea Louses circadian rhythm; however, mutations in this organisms genetic code would have detrimental effects on their ability to survive in their environment.

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Wow, that is interesting. I didn't know the moon could have an impact on an animal's sleep cycle.  I find it interesting how pets tend to be more active during a full moon, while other animals can be more active during new moon.

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I wonder if an individual who works a night shift and sleeps during the day would develop these problems later in life.

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I wonder if other animals experience these sleep disorders as well as humans.

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I find it interesting that a full moon is a cue for synchronized actions of some animals.

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I wonder if any other animals have negative affects on the reproduction process if they don't mate at night.

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I find it interesting that geese know to migrate weeks before winter hits

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I guess it does make sense for marine animals to follow the cycle of the tide, especially for those animals that use to the tide to know when to burrow and not get swept up into the tide.

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The British Great Tits are not the only birds affected by global warming. Polar bears are not able to get their proper food resource from seals and have to feed on the eggs from arctic geese and ducks.

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I wonder how does the activity of the animals during full moons also correlate to the rate of injuries for pets.

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Since students often lose sleep due to school work, I wonder if it is possible to reduce the amount of work and have the sleep patterns restored to normal.

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This is an example of why laws are needed for “quiet hours” so that the animals will have the darkness needed to reproduce.

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To bounce off of what Chynna said, teachers should take into consideration the amount of work they give us since it can contribute to sleep deprivation which could lead to so many other things at our age.

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For all the people who believe there is no such thing as global warming, does this not provide evidence to support that global warming is real? If these animals are being affected by global warming, we, the people, need to take this into consideration and do something about global warming.

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How is it that these animals, without their circadian rhythms, lose their internal clock that assists them in foraging and sleep but do not lose the sense of when to mate and migrate. In my opinion it does not make much sense but nature works in mysterious ways.

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Are human sleep cycles also circadian rhythm?

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If someone does not sleep for three days in a row, will the person become hungrier or lose all apetit

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Do Geese use the sun or temperature to determine when to migrate?

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How do these animals know when to migrate and mate when their circadian clock disappears?

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For what reasons does an insect need to know the time? Time of what? How is rhythmic nature and protein concentration related?

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Will our bodies eventually adjust to shorter sleep cycles? From the information given in the text, I am curious to see if these sleep disorders will "disappear" if our bodies adjust to short sleep cycles. How will this affect our circadian rhythms in time?

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When referring to time, are we referring to the time of year? This would make sense if certain predators of the insect were more active during certain periods of the year.

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I find it interesting how exactly animals use circadian rhythm to protect themselves.

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I never knew that our sleep patterns itself was a circadian rhythm, its almost crazy how our bodies are wired. Is this learned though, because babies do not follow the same circadian rhythm.

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How is this circadian clock ingrained into these animals. Has it happened through evolution over time?

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It is interesting how dependent our bodies are on sleep similarly how to how an animal's physicality and mentality are dependent on the lunar clock. I wonder if there is a genetic similarly within evolution that we share with animals regarding how our fitness changes depending on the time of day.

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The Bristle Worm behavior in response to mating when there is a new moon is similar to the behavior of a European badger who also mates during a new moon. Its interesting how two different species, one being a sea animal and the other being a land animal, follow the same clock and the same circadian rhythm.

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Learning that night terrors are a sleeping disorder that contributes to our sleeping patterns, I wonder where they come from in the first place. Why do we continue to have bad dreams if they harm our circadian rhythm?

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Can not eating control our sleep cycles? If we don't eat at all all day, will we disrupt our sleep because we need food or will we just stay hungry and sleeping?

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I wonder what would happen if the bristle worms were put in a secluded area where it was always dark. Would their mating process change or would their lunar clock still work the same way?

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I think it is interesting that the moon has such a big influence on an animals sleep cycle.

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If they completely loose the circadian rhythm them how to they know when to sleep, wake up, or even mate and migrate? Does this loss decrease their fitness in the environment or have they adapted to it?

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I found it every interesting that the clock can regulate and control your metabolism. I did not know that and I really wonder how metabolism be controlled.

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What is the cause of the rise and fall of protein concentration? Does the weather also affect the cicada?

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What happens if the birds do not recognize their home? Do they still stay or do they keep flying until the find something that looks like their homes.

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Is there any other factors of time and coordination that affect the chances of the cicada being attacked by a predator?

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I didn't realize that sleep had such an impact on our bodies.

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Do the birds sleeping patterns return to normal after mating?

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What effects do unhealthy sleep habits have on a person's well being?

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Do these sleeping disorders affect animals also?

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What is the difference between their circadian clocks and lunar clocks. i thought they both served as the same function.

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It is interesting how sleep can affect metabolism, however, though it is tempting to eat during the late night, are the eating habits not controllable so they do not result in diabetes and other health problems?

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What will happen to their reproduction if bristle worms were always kept in pure darkness? Will they over produce, or stop producing in all as they get used to the darkness?

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I find it interesting that the circadian rhythm corresponds with our column, Insects.

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If we had no perception of time would our bodies still function the same?

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Can we use this knowledge to alter our necessity for sleep, there by reducing the possibility of attaining these disorders?