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How does the density of stomata vary among leaves found on the same plant (leaves at the top versus leaves at the bottom)?

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If a leaf is on the top of the plant, the stomatal density will be higher than the stomatal density of a leaf on the bottom of a plant.

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The density of a top leaf's stomata is higher than the density of a bottom leaf's stomata.

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Independent: Stomatal Density
Dependent: Location of leaf (top or bottom)

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Top leaf
Bottom leaf
Nail polish
Microscope
Slides
Tape
Graph paper

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1. Got a leaf from top and bottom of a plant.

2. Traced leaves on graph paper.

3. Found surface area of each leaf by counting the number of boxes covered on graph paper.

4. Put a thin strip of nail polish on the top of both the leaves.

5. Once the nail polish was dried, place a piece of tape on the nail polish.

6. Put the tape sticky side down on the slides.

7. Put bottom leaf slide in microscope on low power and medium power.

8. Observed the slide with just my eye then with the microscope.

9. Estimate how many open and closed stomata were on the slide.

10. Calculate stomatal density: Divide the number of stomata by the surface area of the leaf.

11. Repeat 7 through 10 for top leaf.

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Just eye

1. Small lighter areas throughout the strip

2. Imprint of small veins

Microscope

1. A lot of small light circles

2. Far apart spacing

3. Small black circular shapes which are the closed stomata

4. Larger black cylinder shaped which are the open stomata

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Just eye

1. Small circular imprints

Microscope

1. A lot of gray/light circles and black dots

2. Closer placed together than the bottom

3. A lot of small black dots which are closed stomata

4. Larger black cylinder shaped which are the open stomata

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The top leaf's stomatal density is 2.192, while the bottom leaf's stomatal density is .739

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Plant from which leaves were taken from.

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Location of top leaf

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Location of bottom leaf

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Calculation of surface area

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Strip of nail polish placed on each leaf

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Bottom leaf with tape placed on the slide

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Top leaf with tape placed on the slide

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Stomata are needed for gas exchange during photosynthesis. The top of the plant receives higher concentrations of sunlight, and therefore contain more stomata.

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Stomata are more likely found in wet climate. The top of the plant would receive a higher concentration of water from rain, and therefore contain more stomata.

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Stomata are found where the higher rate of growth occurs. The part of the plant creating the most photosynthesis for energy and receiving the maximum amount of water is the top; this means the top leaves have a higher rate of growth and contain more stomata.