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On December 20, 1860, and extended through June 8 of the next year when eleven states in the Lower and Upper South severed their ties with the Union.

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Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected the 16th president of the United States, beating Douglas, Breckinridge, and Bell. He was the first president from the Republican Party

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John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry was an effort by armed abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia.

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The Lincoln–Douglas debates were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for the United States Senate from Illinois, and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate.

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Sanford legal case in which the U.S supreme court on March 6 1857, ruled that a slave who had resided in a free state and territory was not thereby entitled to his freedom ; that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of America .

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Lyon was the first congressman to be charged with an ethics violation due to the sitting episode . The Ethics committee recommended he be censured but the matter was ultimately dropped .

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Most were peaceful farmers looking for good farmland but some settlers moved to Kansas to support or oppose slavery. Kansas had a competing government those for slavery and against it .

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Douglas's final version of the bill , known as the Nebraska - Kansas act was passed in 1854 and created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska . The Nebraska and Kansas act hit like a thunderbolt . Once again north was haunted by visions of slavery marching across the plains .

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People in the North and the South were unhappy with the Fugitive act , though for different reasons. North did not want to enforce the act where as the South felt the act did not do enough to ensure the return of their escaped property.

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Henry Clay was the creator of the Missouri Compromise . Clay's new compromise had something to please just about everyone . It began by admitting California to the union as a free state which would please the north .

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Southerners proposed a bill that would extend the Missouri Compromise line all the way to the pacific .  Late 1849 California applied for admission to the union as a free state.

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The Gag rule kept the slavery issue out of the congress for ten years . President Polk sent a bill to congress asking for funds for the war with mexico.

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Nat Turners rebellion was one of the largest slave revolts but individual slaves also continued to rebel by running away to freedom in the north .

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John Quincy Adams predicted for a time the contest over slavery was settled . However a powerful force was building that soon pushed the issue into the open again.

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The Missouri Compromise was an agreement made by congress in 1820 under which Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state.  The Missouri Compromise kept the union together .