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Founded as a family shop in East London in the early 19th century, the Knightsbridge department store Harrods has grown into a brand recognised all over the world. But it wasn't always plain sailing. It had its shares of setbacks faced by its first owners, from fires and financial crashes to criminal convictions.

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Kuala Lumpur then and now.
Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, or commonly known as KL, is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city in the country. The only global city in Malaysia, it covers an area of 243 km² (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in South-East Asia, in both population and economic development.

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China’s economy has been growing rapidly in last decades, and the landscape has changed drastically with the rapid development. As of 2012, China’s urbanization rate has surpassed 50%, great changes can be easily found in many fast-growing cities.
Shenzhen was a small fishing village before 1980, now it has become a booming metropolis. Established in 1980, Shenzhen is the country’s first special economic zone. Shenzhen is one of the country’s most developed cities and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.

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Seoul is the capital and the largest metropolis of the Republic of Korea. Seoul was situated on the Han river and was founded in 18BC by the people of Baekje, one of the three kingdom of Korea. Seoul contains five UNESCO World heritage Sites that is Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Today, Seoul is considered a leading and rising global city. In 2015, Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis.

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The Hong King before and after civilization

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Liow Hong Hee 1151201207Beijing formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city. The city, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast; together the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China.

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Dubai before and after

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Singapore is undoubtedly one of the 20th century's greatest success stories, with what was once swampland now a sea of skyscrapers that is home to a proud global business hub.

The tiny city-state and island nation, which is less than half the size of London, is currently in the midst of the biggest party in its short solo history as it marks 50 years since gaining full independence from Malaysia on August 9, 1965.

As proud Singaporeans count down to the culmination of a year of celebrations over the long weekend from August 7 to 10, telling images illustrate just how far the country has come in that short space of time.

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This is Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Before civilization, KL seen simple and crude. After civilization, the city become prosperity in order to achieve advanced country.

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1161304044-Muhammad Amirul Ariffin Bin Ahmad Daud 

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1161304044-Muhammad Amirul Ariffin Bin Ahmad Daud 

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This city is known as Jakarta and officially the capital and largest city of Indonesia.Jakarta is the main center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia.

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TAMILSELVAM A/L PALANI (1141123948) JAMMUNAH A/L VIJAYAKUMAR (1122700442

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TAMILSELVAM A/L PALANI (1141123948) JAMMUNAH A/L VIJAYAKUMAR (1122700442

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The cultural city and the symbol of knowledge, Varanasi, has transformed over the years, keeping intact the essence of living. The cultural capital of India has been the breeding ground of poets, authors, and academicians. The oldest city has retained its charm, with the boat ride on the Ganges River.

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Cape Coast Castle is one of about forty "slave castles" built on th Gold Coast of West Africa (now Ghana) by European traders.

The castle’s involvement with slavery eventually stopped as a result of Britain’sban on the slave trade. Cape Coast Castle went back to its previous function as an essential site for (non-human) commodity trade, after which it was turned into an army training facility. In 1957, when Ghana became the first African state to regain independence from British colonial rule, the ownership of the Cape Coast Castle was transferred to the new government and subsequently to the Ghana Museums and Monuments Board. The castle only underwent considerable restoration work in the early 1990s with the help of donor funds, and is currently a well-visited museum and historical site.Today the castle is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site that encourages tours of the old slave-holding dungeons.

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1161102238 - Abdul Qayyum Bin Abdul Razak / 1142702501 - Noor Azlan Mahmud

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1161102238 - Abdul Qayyum Bin Abdul Razak / 1142702501 - Noor Azlan Mahmud

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A few interesting places in Turkey, one that we like is Hagia Sophia mosque due to the story behind it where it was first constructed as a church and then later became a mosque, as of 1935, Kemal Ataturk (the founder of modern Turkey) converted it into a Museum

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Once Syria’s largest city, Aleppo has been the worst-hit city in the country since the Battle of Aleppo began in 2012 as part of the ongoing Syrian Civil War. Pictures below are before-and-after photos reveals just how much the once-vibrant historical city has been marred by war.

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Much more than just an office building, the Petronas Twin Towers sparked a nation’s pride and came to symbolize Malaysia’s jaunt into the 21st century.

The history and construction of the Petronas Twin Towers

March 1993 -Excavation work begins.

March 1994 -Excavation and foundation for Tower One complete; construction begins.

April 1994 -Excavation and foundation for Tower Two complete; construction begins.

May 1995 -Pre-assembled Skybridge arrives from South Korea.

August 1995 -Skybridge is lifted into place

February 1996 -Topping-out of both towers is completed.

March 1996 -Installation of pinnacles for both towers

April 1996 -Petronas Towers officially declared the world’s tallest buildings.

Petronas Twin Towers is still operation well until now April 2018, it's not only a characteristic of Malaysia, it's also one of the main source of income in Malaysia

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One of the world's oldest civilizations was born in India and it can be divided into  4 period.

The Vedic Period

The Harappan civilization was followed by the Vedic period, which lasted up to the 5th Century BC, yet many historians object that the carvings presumably belonging to Indus Valley Civilization, as they carry the images of women dressed in sari, a traditional Indian female clothing item which would have been impossible to be found in Harappan age period, so also were the cross-legged sitting figures with folded hands, a symbol of devotion in Vedic times. That indicates the Vedic culture preceded all others. The Vedic civilization was the basis for Hinduism as the religion, Rig Veda, the most ancient Vedic scripture, contained a large number of Indo-Iranian elements in language and in content, which was not present in the later Indian Vedas. The main texts of Hinduism and the main Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata were written during this period. Mahabharata is by far the longest poem style scripture in the world. Researchers attribute the strengthening of the concept of four major castes of Indian society by the time of Vedic civilization. The scriptures of Upanishads or Vedanta (conclusion of Vedas) were coming later and defined a new stage in the strengthening of Hinduism as a religion and cultural foundation of Indian society.

India, 500 BC to 1100 AD

Compared with the previous periods, in the Magadhi era-dated sources written works increasingly appear, such as the notes of Seleucid ambassador Megasfenes, who was at the court of King Chandragupta. In the 6th through 5th Centuries BC, a leading force in the political arena of North India, the center of Northern Indian states union became Magadha. The first time its name was found in the "Atharva Veda." The ancient Magadha (a territory of the present South Bihar) had a favorable geographical, strategic and commercial position. The sources preserved evidence of fertility of Magadha’s land, subjected to stringent processing. The country conducted a lively trade with many areas of India, was rich in minerals, in particular metals. Rajagriha was its ancient capital. In the year 327 BCE, Alexander the Great was able to subdue a part of northwest India. The Buddhist and Jain sources tell us that the first attempt of king Chandragupta come to power failed, but when the main army of Alexander left India, Chandragupta paid all the attention to the conquest of Magadha’s throne. Later King Ashoka came to power and the Maurya Empire reached a zenith of power. In addition to Buddhism and Jainism, the most significant were the spread of Hinduism, the development of which laid the grounds for the "Golden Age" of Hinduism (known as the Early Classical period (200 BCE to 320 CE) and the Late Classical period (650 to 1100 CE)). The Vakatakas inscriptions said that the king Rudrasena was a Shivaist, and Rudrasena II a Vaishnava. This religious syncretism was one of the specific features of the cultural development of southern India in the early Middle Ages.

India, 1100 AD to 1858

The most significant territory conquest of medieval India was the reign of the Mughals. The Dynasty of Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th through 15th Centuries AD inhabiting the territory of Central Asia (Uzbekistan steadily expanded its presence throughout the subcontinent and sought the riches of Indian shahs. The most famous Mongol emperor Akbar was not only a conqueror of new lands but also assisted in spreading Islam. However, having a Hindu princess, Akbar did not forbid other religions in the subordinate land. Under Akbar, as well as during the reign of his son the empire reached the peak of the unique architecture and synthesis of different traditions of ancient India and the Persian cultural heritage.

British Raj

After the British penetration of subcontinent in a form of presence of the East India Company in all areas of county’s economy and policy, an Indian rebellion of 1857 rose, which was the revolt of the soldiers hired by the British East India Co. against those who hired them. After the uprising and rebellion, the British Raj (1858-1947) was established under the rule of the British Crown almost throughout the whole of India, including West and East Bengal.

Independence, Partition, and Modern India

The end of World War II laid the groundwork for the decolonization of the world, which in India coincided with a strong liberation movement and extraordinary popularity among all segments of society the leader of the independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi. In August of 1947, the independence of India was proclaimed and resulted in the territorial division of the country into India and Pakistan. It was supposed to divide the country into two areas, professing Hinduism and Islam, respectively. Pakistan soon lost East Bengal as a result of the imposition of the language policy, and this has led to the formation of Bangladesh. To the date, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are present on the political map in the territory that had once been a unified country.

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Colosseum was built between 72 A.D and 80 A.D under the Emperor Vespasian.  Made from stone and concrete, this magnificent monument was built with the man power of tens of thousands of slaves. Inside, the Colosseum had seating for more than 50,000 spectators, who may have been arranged according to social ranking. The purpose was for people to spectate gladiatorial combats, hunts, wild animal fights and so on. Combatants (gladiators) fought in front of the audience are mostly men with very few women. They are generally slaves, criminals, and prisoners of war. In the centuries to come, the public eventually lost interest in the combats. In the end, the Colosseum was abandoned completely .

By the 20th century, a combination of weather, natural disasters, neglect and vandalism had destroyed nearly two-thirds of the original Colosseum, including all of the arena’s marble seats and its decorative elements. Restoration efforts began in the 1990s, and have proceeded over the years, as the Colosseum continues to be a leading attraction for tourists from all over the world.

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The picture above shows Dubai before civilization while the picture below shown Dubai now. This city had growth from desert to metropolis after just 60 years and become the most luxurious and expensive city in the world.

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Below are the transformation of penang due to civilization .From the photos below we can see the changes from years 1957 to years 2018.Much of the town has changes, but fortunately, remnants of its colourful past are still present and old traditions have endured.

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The first picture shows that before civilization of Penang state.

The second picture shows that after civilization of Penang state.

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The picture on the left shows that the ancient Chinese agriculture is done manually.
The picture on the right shows that after civilization, the Chinese agriculture is done by using machines.

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The first picture shows that the ancient of Chinese agriculture is done manually.
The second picture shows that after civilization, the Chinese agriculture is done by using machines.

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The history of the city of Tokyo stretches back some 400 years. Originally named Edo, the city started to flourish after Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa Shogunate here in 1603. As the center of politics and culture in Japan, Edo grew into a huge city with a population of over a million by the mid-eighteenth century. Throughout this time, the Emperor resided in Kyoto, which was the formal capital of the nation. The Edo Period lasted for nearly 260 years until the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when the Tokugawa Shogunate ended and imperial rule was restored. The Emperor moved to Edo, which was renamed Tokyo. Thus, Tokyo became the capital of Japan.

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This one is Qatar before and after comparison

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Egyptian civilization has flourished continuously since prehistoric times. While the civilization's rulers, writing, natural climate, religion and borders have changed many times over the millennia, Egypt still exists as a modern-day country.

If not for the Nile, Egyptian civilization could not have developed, as it is the only major source of water in this desert region.

Below are the photo of Nile River in Egypt, taken around 1915, shows the flooding of the Nile River, which happens each year and makes the land in Egypt good for farming and photo of Nile River taken in recent year.

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A community project in central Mexico brought art to people’s homes. An artists’ collective known as the German Crew have spent 14 months turning the hillside neighborhood of Las Palmitas into a giant, colorful mural in an effort to bring the working-class “barrio” together and change its gritty image.

The city government-sponsored project began with persuading homeowners to let their homes be painted, followed by a whitewashing of each building to symbolize that all the residents are equal. The art collective tapped local people, some of them gang members, to cover the houses with more than 5,000 gallons (20,000 liters) of paint.

Before and After the town being transformed.

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Before the arrival of Malacca first Sultan, Parameswara, Malacca was just a small fishing village that inhibited by the local that call themselves as “Orang Laut”. Malacca is remarkable examples of historic colonial towns on the Straits of Malacca that demonstrate a succession of historical and cultural influences arising from their former function as trading ports linking East and West. Malacca has transformed from a little fishing village to a tourist jaunt. Malacca was named as UNESCO World Heritage Sites based on its history trails of trade dating back 500years.

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France is known the world over for its cuisine, fashion, culture and language. It is the most visited tourist destination in the world .

French Republic

Capital: Paris

Population 63.5 million

Area 543,965 sq km (210,026 sq miles)

Major language French

Life expectancy 78 years (men), 85 years (women)

Currency Euro

UN, World Bank

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The Malacca River which flows through the middle of Malacca City in Malacca, Malaysia, was a vital trade route during the heyday of Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century.

Before Malacca River 1907, Church of St.Francis Xavier in the backgroundNow Malacca River

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Keshen Naidu s/o Tamildesiyan (1151102468)

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Keshen Naidu s/o Tamildesiyan (1151102468)

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This are the before and after of Penang, Malaysia.

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The American civilization that we come to know now started with the arrival of the pilgrims from the ship, Mayflower, back in November 11th, 1620. Since then, they've continued to expand and conquer the land and improve, especially technology-wise to become the modern power of the world we've come to know today.

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The indus valley civilisation, or harappa civilisation was a bronue age civilisation mainly in the northwesern region of south asia

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Shanghai, China
Shanghai is a very famous place until there is a song name" night shanghai".
Shanghai is famous because it is largest and most prosperous city in the Far East during the 1930s.

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Shanghai, on China’s central coast, is the country's biggest city and a global financial hub. Its heart is the Bund, a famed waterfront promenade lined with colonial-era buildings. Across the Huangpu River rises the Pudong district’s futuristic skyline, including 632m Shanghai Tower and the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, with distinctive pink spheres. Sprawling Yu Garden has traditional pavilions, towers and ponds.

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New York City as one of the famous and most heard city in this world was once a free land covered by the nature. After the urbanisation and exploration of the land, it transformed into the New York City that we were familiar with in this day and night.

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FARAMIDA BT ARSHAD, 1151103597           , KALAIVANI TAMILSELVN 1151103993

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FARAMIDA BT ARSHAD, 1151103597           , KALAIVANI TAMILSELVN 1151103993

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London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. London has been a major settlement for two millennia. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. Below shows before and after civilization.

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Hangzhou is best known for its tea and the West Lake, pictured here.

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This is before and after of the Malaysia country

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This is before and after of the Pyramid

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This is how the “Silicion Valley Of India” used to look before.

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Myanmar is a country in southeast Asia that shares borders with China, India, Laos, Bangladesh and Thailand. It was formerly known as Burma. One interesting fact about this country is that Myanmar is one of only three countries in the world that has not adopted the metric system of measurement.

In 2006, the capital city was moved, rebuilt and named Naypyidaw.
The previous capital city, Yangon (formerly Rangoon), is home to the gilded Shwedagon Paya. It is believed to enshrine eight hairs of Gautama Buddha and is one of Buddhism’s most sacred sites.

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Ancient Greek civilization, the period following Mycenaean civilization, which ended about 1200 bce, to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 bce. It was a period of political, philosophical, artistic, and scientific achievements that formed a legacy with unparalleled influence on Western civilization.

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Nur Haliza Halim ( 1161102392) , Nur Hanis Nabihah Wan Saiful ( 1161100267

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Nur Haliza Halim ( 1161102392) , Nur Hanis Nabihah Wan Saiful ( 1161100267

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The city today known as Istanbul has been the site of human settlement for approximately three thousand years. Starting from the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul had underwent great structural change as we can see today.

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Hong Kong was a port city in the 60’s that saw a lot of trade. Now it is an industrial and economic hub with more skyscrapers than a person can count.

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Chinatown Singapore                                  Mervin Aw Yong Sheng ID:1171302898       Hau Wee Chong ID:1171302900

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Chinatown Singapore                                  Mervin Aw Yong Sheng ID:1171302898       Hau Wee Chong ID:1171302900

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Below are the transformation of Chinatown Singapore due to civilization .From thephotos below we can see the changes from years 1970 to years 2017.Much of the town has changes, but fortunately, remnants of its colourful past are still present and old traditions have endured.

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Chan Koon Ming 1131122808
Kho Yun Xing 1142701854
Dubai before and After civilization. From flat desert land, to one world's most architecturally stunning cities in the world.

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Tokyo, Japan from 1945 to 2015

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The picture of Mumbai (formerly called Bombay), India before and after civilisation. Human habitation of Mumbai existed since the Stone Age, the Kks (a Marathi fishing community) were the earliest known settlers of the islands.

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2. 1151200460 🤬 HOCK JIHN
The original places of Chinese civilization are the well-known Yellow River as well as Yangtze River.

Civilization of China:

Life as a Farmer
The majority of the people in Ancient China were peasant farmers. Although they were respected for the food they provided for the rest of the Chinese, they lived tough and difficult lives.

Working for the Government
Farmers had to work for the government for about one month each year. They served in the military or worked construction projects like building canals, palaces, and city walls. Farmers also had to pay a tax by giving the government a percentage of their crops.

Food
The type of food that people ate depended on where they were living. In the north the main crop was a grain called millet and in the south the main crop was rice. Eventually rice became the main staple for much of the country. Farmers also kept animals.

Family Life
The Chinese family was ruled by the father of the house. His wife and children were required to obey him in all things. Women generally took care of the home and raised the children. Marriage partners were decided by the parents and the preferences of the children getting married often had little impact on the parent's choice.

School
Only wealthy boys attended school in Ancient China. They learned how to write using calligraphy. They also learned about the teachings of Confucius and studied poetry. These were important skills for government officials and the nobles.

Republic of China: Since the Opium War in 1840, China experienced a history tougher than any time in the past. During these days, the famous leader is Sun Yet-sen stranded on the historic stage. Other historical figures such as Yuan Shikai and Chiang Kai Shek also influenced the Republic of China deeply.

People’s Republic of China: After the found of People’s Republic of China since 1949, another powerful nation had begun its development in all aspects. The founder Mao tse-tung built a good foundation for the modern China.

Nowadays: With the hard word of Chinese leaders and the laborious Chinese people, the China in today become a major country in the world in economic, social, industrial as well as agricultural aspects.

Dynasty | Time
| Xia Dynasty : 2,100 B.C. – 1,600 B.C.
| Shang Dynasty :1,600 B.C. – 1,100 B.C.
| Zhou Dynasty : 1,100 B.C. – 256 B.C.
| Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period : 770 B.C. – 221 B.C.
| Qin Dynasty : 221 B.C. – 206 B.C.
| Han Dynasty : 202 B.C– 280 A.D.
| Three Kingdoms Period:220 A. D. – 280 A.D.
| Jin Dynasty : 265 A.D. – 420 A.D.
| Sui Dynasty : 581 A.D. – 618 A.D.
| Tang Dynasty : 618 A.D. – 907 A.D.
| Song Dynasty : 960 A.D. – 1279 A.D.
| Yuan Dynasty : 1271 A.D. – 1368 A.D.
| Ming Dynasty : 1368 A.D. – 1644 A.D.
| Qing Dynasty : 1644 A.D. – 1911 A.D.
| Morden time : 1911 A.D. – 1949 A.D.
| People’s Republic of China  1949 A.D. - Present

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This is the picture of the Kuala Lumpur before and after civilization.

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西安 (Xi an) once was the ancient imperial capital of China, and the eastern terminus of the Silk Road that runs all the way to Istanbul. Below shows the photo before and after civilization.

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Attached are the pictures of Yibin, China which known as the “first town” on the Yangtze river before and after civilization.

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1131120896

The History of Japan(Edo - Heisei)

Kyoto(1400-1600)

The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are the most turbulent period in Japanese history, as military warlords clash violently and frequently in attempts to increase their own power and territory. The era when members of the Ashikaga family occupy the position of shogun is known as the Muromachi period, named after the district in Kyoto where their headquarters are located. The Ashikaga government, or bakufu, never succeeds in extending wide political control, as had their predecessors of the Kamakura era. Rivalry between contending daimyo, or provincial warlords, causes increasing instability, which culminates in the Onin War (1467–77)
Kyoto(1900-present)

The twentieth century is a turbulent time in Japan, as the country vacillates between unprecedented heights of power and wealth and the depths of poverty and devastation. After the dramatic efforts to modernize politically, socially, economically, and culturally during the Meiji Restoration, Japan seeks to win control over neighboring countries, competing with Western imperialist ambitions. Finally, Japan participates in World War I, fighting on the side of the Allies. Despite dramatic industrial and financial expansion during the war years, along with the rest of the world, Japan is plunged into economic crisis in the 1920s, accompanied by social upheaval caused by the stresses of unemployment, an expanding population, and rapid urban growth. Continuing an imperialist agenda and buttressed by a strong sense of nationalism, Japan, allied with Germany and Italy, enters World War II hoping to gain control of strategic territory and natural resources in East and Southeast Asia. Despite initial successes, Japan is ultimately defeated by the United States, ending with the horrific detonation of two atomic bombs. Japan’s postwar period is marked by a miraculous revival, culminating within a few decades in the nation’s emergence as one of the world’s wealthiest democracies.

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Manhattan before and after civilization.

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Manhattan before and after civilization.jpg