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Around year of 1000 towns started to appear, and population increased. Trade increased in towns. Knights wanted money instead of land. The Crusades led people to leave manors for towns.

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Eleanor lived from C. 1122-1204. She was a vassal to the king of France, in 1137 Eleanor married King Louis VII of France, she is now Queen of France. A few years later she divorced King Louis VII, and then married King Henry II of England and is also Queen of England. Eleanor is the mother of the future king, Richard the Lionheart.

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Lords had serfs farm, and owned the estate. There was one large house or castle for the lord, and one church. Manors also had fields, water, a forest, a mill, and a blacksmith shop. Manors were controlled by the lord, and the lord also collected taxes.

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William was the duke of Normandy in northern France. He conquered England in 1066, and defeated the English king near the town of Hastings. He gave knights large estates of land.

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Peasants owned no land, they lived on manors. These peasants were not free to leave. They farmed, and had no formal education. These peasants also made their own clothes. They traded service in exchange for food.

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Knights wore suits of armor and fought on horseback. Knights served lords in exchange for land. They could accept fiefs from several different lords.

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Nobles were vassals of kings and they also fought for kings. They received land for service. They give upper lords money on special occasions, and food and shelter if needed. These nobles became a more powerful lord with more land.

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Kings and Queens were one of the greatest lords, these Kings and Queens were born into a monarchy. Nobles and Knights were their vassals. Kings and Queens gave land to vassals in exchange for protection.