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35 out of the 50 states had Jim Crow laws, making segregation mandatory.  the Jim Crow laws also said it was illegal for a white to marry a black.

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Voting box

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I learned about Brown vs Bored of Education and how that ended school segregation.

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White schools vs black schools By Hugo Canseco, history’s nerd

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White schools vs black schools By Hugo Canseco, history’s nerd

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First of all, I would like to say that black scho

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A lot of black children left school at about fourth grade.

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I learned that they ended school segregation with Brown Vs Bored of Education

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During the 1870s and due to sharecropping some black families had enough money to buy there own land. Though most went into det and had to pay a lot of money to there labor managers

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White schools where way better then black schools.

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After the Civil War, slaves took advantage and escaped to the islands off the coast of Georgia. When the president ordered them back to their normal land, much land was gone so multiple black families had too work on land at the same time so they could all get money. This was called sharecropping.

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Durrring the 1879s and due to sharecropping some black families had enough money to buy there own land. Though most went into det and had to pay a lot of money to their labor managers

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Durrring the 1879s and due to sharecropping some black families had enough money to buy there own land. Though most went into det and had to pay a lot of money to their labor managers

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African Americans were enrolled in school but few and alot of African American kids were pulled out of school to work on the farm and they didn’t get a education like or even close to white kids education. They would have to share the same room where they were taught with ages from toddlers to 8th graders. Even though most kids in school were grades 4th and under because most had to work on the farm for their family.

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Black schools vs white schools By Hugo Canseco,your history nerd.

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Black schools vs white schools By Hugo Canseco,your history nerd.

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My opinion is that black schools should at least get a good condition school.Like for example:South Carolina reportedly spen $52 each white student, and,$5 for each black student.But because of black people,needed for plantations,the school is adjusted, acccording to Roll of thunder hear my cry,like school ends in March and starts like at fall.It’s so sad.And find the difference of the condition of white/black school.

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What I learned by Luis Villegas

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The Jim Crow laws back then were very unfair in many ways. For example: they had to drink from separate fountains, go to different schools, couldn’t eat with any white people, couldn’t curse or be mean to any white, and so much more. To me this is really unfair. What have they ever done to make it so it had to be this cruel? There should have been so much more equality to make it fair for everyone.

-Madison Hecht

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So, sharecropping is basically when a black person inherits some of their owners land in exchange for crops. The crops are given at the end of the year to the owners. The following photo explains sharecropping.

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If you broke a Jim Crow law, you could be arrested, but if you did not follow the etiquette, you could be killed. Some examples of the laws are: Blacks and Whites couldn't shake hands, eat with each other, blacks had to use courtesy titles(Mr., Mrs.) and more. Some of the laws didn't even make make sense, like shaking hands implied social equality.  Axel Mammen

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Black schools vs. White schools in the South - 1930s

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Black schools vs. White schools in the South - 1930s

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If a town did not have enough money for two separate schools, they built
one school for white children. So there were not many public schools for black kids to attend. As a result black children only went to school for 2-3 months out of the school year. By Collette Rund

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Whites and blacks had to use different facilities nd go to  different places for service and that whites had cleaner and better things and whites had more privileges according to the law. - Hunter Holman

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I found that Jim Crow laws against miscegenation were passed in the Majority of the 50 states. Miscegenation is marriage or cohabitation of two different races, specifically white and any other race. This law was passed in many states including: Kansas , Illinois, and unfortunatey sweet home California. People of African Americans decent were often viewed as smelly, dumb , and all and all less than human. They thought so terribly of the thought of a black and white marriage they made up poems about it.😑

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So much segregation, I just can’t even!!!

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Blacks and whites had to attend different schools. If 

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Blacks and whites had to attend different schools. If 

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What I think about this section is that black people were expected to do unthinkable things to stay alive and this is very important because this is the part that most people don’t know the reasons why this is such a difficult topic to bring up. In the olden days of segregation you would have to protest for your rights. Denise Pugh

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I learned in the article that the Jim Crow Laws about black people aren’t fair to the black people. The laws made one black person drink from a segregated water cooler, probably because he didn’t want to drink from only some fountains because of the laws.

Carter Casilloi

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Black schools vs white schools By Hugo C. Your history nerd

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Black schools vs white schools By Hugo C. Your history nerd

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My opinion about the difference between black and white schools is horrible.Black students could only learn for a few months, if lucky, students could learn for a year

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In this article I learned about the 15th amendment and the the way blacks got to vote. After they got to vote more than half a million blacks voted.

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I learned in this article is that California was more concerned with asian immigration than African Americans having the same rights. I also learned that even if a black person marries a mulatto they get fined 50 to 550 dollars.

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This is a rulebook  of Jim Crow Laws.

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This is a blacks only “school”. It looks more like a moshpit - Michael C.

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What I have Learned by Luis Villegas

What I learned about Jim Crow laws is that in California there was a law that stated “ It is illegal for white persons to marry a "Negro, mulatto, or Mongolian." Also during Jim Crow people say it was separate but equal but it really wasn’t.

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There is a whole lot difference in between black schools and white schools. They didn’t have respect. They were treated as if they were nothing and always given what the white kids already used and don’t need anymore.
- Ximena

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What I learned from this article is that a white and a black person cannot marry. And also that black people can’t eat near a white person. The text says that they need to be separated  bya  7 foot wall

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In this article I learned that

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Sharecropping is a type of farming when people rent plots of land from the landowner and in return, you would give a portion of your crops to the landowner.  By: Felix Andreasson

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This section about Jim Crow Laws makes me feeel really bad for African Americans. Why I hunk so is becuase there are so many things that white people can’t do with black people. For example: they couldn’t eat lunch together (but if they did the white was to be served first), black people couldnt show any affection for a white person, there could be no cursing to a white person, and never comment upon the appearance of a White female. There was just si many bad things happening at the time Jim Crow laws becmae officials

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Black Schools Versus White Schools in the South - 1930’s

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Black Schools Versus White Schools in the South - 1930’s

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I find it interesting that the constitution and freedom rights were kept from colored people just so the white schools did not get sued for not following the constitution. It also surprised me that none of the writers for the Declaration of Independence found out about it. -Siddharth Shrestha

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From this article I learned that in Tennessee all race and gender could go to Tennessee university. Also that in the School blacks were still away from whites.
Karington brown

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Black and white schools. By Galata Bayssa 

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Black and white schools. By Galata Bayssa 

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The black school should have a better environment. The white schools were much better.

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I learned that during the last months on the Civil War that black families got 40 acres of land. They also received a mule

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A Black war veteran was killed in the Mississippi streets because of the wight people of Mississippi. He fought for the United States and lived through the Germans and the Japanese but the Mississippi killed the war veteran because of his raise and when he tried to vote the people try to stop him this is a example of the 15th adment being stoped by weight people of Mississippi.

-by Liam Husain

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I mean, look at that-

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Voting in the south was very harsh for some African Americans because of the laws in the south blacks were treated very unfairly when it came to voting they were prevented from voting and people showed such hateful actions.

And some confederate states decided to start a racist group called “Ku Klux Klan”.
niylynn

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During the end of the civil war, slaves took advantage of the chaos and were led across the Carolinas to the islands off the coast of Georgia for a while, the freed slaves had their own land until president Andrew Johnson ordered all freed slaves to return to their slavemasters. The much land was lost, so black families sharecropped land for money.

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Share cropping is when a family wants to rent land and work on it, but in return the family would have to give a portion of the crops to the landowner. Many families weren’t rich enough to own land, so sharecropping was the only way the families could kind of own land.

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Share cropping is when a family wants to rent land and work on it, but in return the family would have to give a portion of the crops to the landowner. Many families weren’t rich enough to own land, so sharecropping was the only way the families could kind of own land.

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By : David Son

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Race and voting in the segregated south.  By: Janice Yoo

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Race and voting in the segregated south.  By: Janice Yoo

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I think that “whites” are no different than “blacks”. This is very unfair for the “colored” because they deserve the right  to vote and they fought for America in World War I and II. If everything was opposite, where “whites” would be kept for slavery, will be punished, would be kept for a lifetime, and will be called names that they DO NOT want to be called. Is that what they really want? THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “COLORED” AND “PLAINS”.

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It almost looks like the government didn’t even try to make the black children get good education.

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It almost looks like the government didn’t even try to make the black children get good education.

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Here’s what I learned about rules of Jim Crow:
One rule is that you cannot shake hands with a black person or a white person, because they would be accused of being rape.
Another one that surprised me is that they couldn’t show public affection to a white or even anyone, such as kissing, to the public. That is just sexist.
And everyone knows about the basic drinking and eating problems too. Failure to follow the Jim Crow etiquette served years in jail, and possibly death.
Did you know? Jim Crow was not actually a real person.
I will type a mini slideshow about this to present to you all tomorrow.
This is a rule book about the Jim Crow laws.

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Sharecropping is a type of farming in which families rent small farmland that they take care of and grow crops on from a landowner in return for a good portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner anually. Different types of sharecropping have been occurring worldwide for multiple years, but in the open, farm filled South, it was typically practiced by former slaves.

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By:Chloe D.
From this article I have learned about the 15th Amendment and how it affected “blacks” when voting. Since the Amendment was ratified, many black voters started voting. For example in the 1870’s, more than a half-million black men became voters in the South. Before this amendment, blacks weren’t able to vote because of the color of their skin and the people that wouldn’t except them. In my opinion being segregated by the shade of your skin is terrrible and there's no difference between plain whites and colored people.

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This is not nice stuff people used to do.

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This is not nice stuff people used to do.

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Could you do a Slideshow about your idea for extra credit?

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Share cropping was mostly practiced by former slaves and negros. Later, some blacks even got to own some land

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V

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Hola

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I think black schools had less than white schools, like field trips, books (or readers), and pencils and markers and crayons. The white were more privileged than the black. ☹️ is the face the colored were like, and 😊 is the face the white were like.

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Hi

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Hi

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Use this website to find out more about all-black schools in the 1930's.

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Use this link to find out more about sharecropping:

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Use this link to find out more information about the white schools during this time.

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Jim Crow Laws Were Wicked in Their Own Right. The Jim Crow Etiquette Was Worse.

So, who was Jim Crow anyway? The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of African Americans performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface, which first surfaced in 1832 and was used to satirize Andrew Jackson's populist policies. As a result of Rice's fame, "Jim Crow" had become a pejorative expression meaning "African American" by 1838, and from this the laws of racial segregation became known as Jim Crow laws. So Jim Crow wasn't a real person. You better believe the laws were real.

Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s.

Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-Black laws. It was a way of life.

Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. Craniologists, eugenicists, phrenologists, and Social Darwinists, at every educational level, buttressed the belief that Blacks were innately intellectually and culturally inferior to Whites. Pro-segregation politicians gave eloquent speeches on the great danger of integration: the mongrelization of the White race. Even simple children's games portrayed blacks as inferior people.

Most of us are familiar in some way with the Jim Crow laws. Blacks were to use different entrances, different schools, different seats on the bus. Blacks were to use different water fountains, different chairs, and so on. Failure to abide by these laws meant you could be beaten, jailed, or worse. Laws were passed which excluded Blacks from public transport and facilities, juries, jobs, and neighborhoods. The passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution had granted Blacks the same legal protections as Whites. However, after 1877, and the election of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, southern and border states began restricting the liberties of Blacks. Unfortunately for Blacks, the Supreme Court helped undermine the Constitutional protections of Blacks with the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow way of life.

However, there was more to the Jim Crow System than just the laws. Sure, the laws were scary. They were real. They were in place. But according to research, it was the other part of the Jim Crow System - the Jim Crow Etiquette - that really scared the people. The Jim Crow system was undergirded by the following beliefs or rationalizations: Whites were superior to Blacks in all important ways, including but not limited to intelligence, morality, and civilized behavior; sexual relations between Blacks and Whites would produce a mongrel race which would destroy America; treating Blacks as equals would encourage interracial sexual unions; any activity which suggested social equality encouraged interracial sexual relations; if necessary, violence must be used to keep Blacks at the bottom of the racial hierarchy.

Here are some examples of Jim Crow Etiquette.

1. A Black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a White male because it implied being socially equal. Obviously, a Black male could not offer his hand or any other part of his body to a White woman, because he risked being accused of rape.

2. Blacks and Whites were not supposed to eat together. If they did eat together, Whites were to be served first, and some sort of partition was to be placed between them.

3. Under no circumstance was a Black male to offer to light the cigarette of a White female - that gesture implied intimacy.

4. Blacks were not allowed to show public affection toward one another in public, especially kissing, because it offended Whites.

5. Jim Crow etiquette prescribed that Blacks were introduced to Whites, never Whites to Blacks. For example: "Mr. Peters (the White person), this is Charlie (the Black person), that I spoke to you about."

6. Whites did not use courtesy titles of respect when referring to Blacks, for example, Mr., Mrs., Miss., Sir, or Ma'am. Instead, Blacks were called by their first names. Blacks had to use courtesy titles when referring to Whites, and were not allowed to call them by their first names.

7. If a Black person rode in a car driven by a White person, the Black person sat in the back seat, or the back of a truck.

8. White motorists had the right-of-way at all intersections.

Moreover, Blacks were to remember the following rules when conversing with Whites:

1. Never assert or even intimate that a White person is lying.

2. Never impute dishonorable intentions to a White person.

3. Never suggest that a White person is from an inferior class.

4. Never lay claim to, or overly demonstrate, superior knowledge or intelligence.

5. Never curse a White person.

6. Never laugh derisively at a White person.

7. Never comment upon the appearance of a White female.

There were other interesting tactics used as well. For instance, poor blacks were charged a fee if they wanted to vote. Or only Democrats could vote, and only Whites could be Democrats. Another tactic used was an eligibility test where Blacks were asked to name every Senator ever to serve the country.

Though White men often had relations with Black women, under Jim Crow any and all sexual interactions between Black men and White women was illegal, illicit, socially repugnant, and within the Jim Crow definition of rape.

Violate the Jim Crow law, and you go to Jail. Violate the Jim Crow Etiquette, and you get worse than jail. You get killed. Violence was instrumental for Jim Crow. It was a method of social control. The most extreme forms of Jim Crow violence were lynchings.

Lynchings were public, often sadistic, murders carried out by mobs. Between 1882, when the first reliable data were collected, and 1968, when lynchings had become rare, there were 4,730 known lynchings, including 3,440 Black men and women. Most of the victims of Lynch-Law were hanged or shot, but some were burned at the stake, castrated, beaten with clubs, or dismembered. In the mid-1800s, Whites constituted the majority of victims (and perpetrators); however, by the period of Radical Reconstruction, Blacks became the most frequent lynching victims. This is an early indication that lynching was used as an intimidation tool to keep Blacks, in this case the newly-freedmen, "in their places." The great majority of lynchings occurred in southern and border states, where the resentment against Blacks ran deepest. According to the social economist Gunnar Myrdal: "The southern states account for nine-tenths of the lynchings. More than two thirds of the remaining one-tenth occurred in the six states which immediately border the South."

Of course, these laws no longer exist now. But traveling in certain parts of the south, one can easily see that some of the etiquette still lingers in the air.

Cautions are still taken, and fear still exists. Imagine the life of a traveling bluesman - a rambler, a drifter, a man without the support of a community, traveling through the south in the times of Jim Crow. It brings new existence to fear, and brings new meaning to Robert Johnson's singing of "Cross Road Blues."

Standin' at the crossroad, baby, risin' sun goin' down.

Standin' at the crossroad, baby, eee, eee, risin' sun goin' down.
I believe to my soul, now, poor Bob is sinkin' down.

Portions of this article were taken from Ferris State University.

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Jim Crow Laws Were Wicked in Their Own Right. The Jim Crow Etiquette Was Worse. So, who was Jim Crow anyway? The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of African Americans performed by white actor Thomas D.

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Use this link to find out more information about Jim Crow Laws by state.

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Use this link to find out more information.