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24.  Propaganda-  Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

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23. Apathy-  a feeling of personal disinterest in or unconcern with politics.

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22. Lobbyist- the are the specialist of the interest group, take legal action on behalf of the group, provide rating of the officials, and use media to push their viewpoint.

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21.Special Interest Group- Main function is to influence public policy and policy makers through lobbying efforts, formation of PACs, and legal actions.

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20. Incumbent-  The person currently holding office.

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18.  Electoral College-  A body of electors chosen by the voters in each state to elect the President and Vice President of the United States.

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17. National Convention-  A national meeting of delegates elected in primaries, caucuses, or state conventions who assemble once every four years to nominate candidates for president and vice president, ratify the party platform, elect officers, and adopt rules.

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15.Recall Election- An election held for the purpose of allowing the voters of a jurisdiction to decide whether an elected official shall be removed from office.

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14. Split ticket voting- A vote for candidates of different political parties on the same ballot, instead of candidates of only one party. In the presidential elections, for example, a voter may choose a Republican candidate for president, but a Democratic candidate for senator.

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13.  Straight Ticket Voting-  Voting for candidates of the same party for all offices.

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11.  Two Party System- Two parties dominate the political system and vie for power. Minor parties exist by do not play a major role except.

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10. One party system- only one party is allowed or noe party dominates the system to that voters have no real choice in elections.

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9. Platform- A statement of a party's official stand on major issues

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8. Plank- A single issue in a party platform.

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7.  Conservative- A person whose pol. views favor more local, limited govt regulations, conformity to social norms & values; rough on criminals.

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6. Liberal-  A person whose views favor more govt involvement business, social welfare, minority rights, & increased govt spending.

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5.  Political Party- A group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and holding of public office.

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4. Majority- (elections) more than half of the votes.

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3. Plurality- (In an election with more than 2 options) the number of votes for the candidate or party receiving the greatest number (but less than half of the votes).

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2. Tolerance-  A state in which an organism no longer responds to a drug after chronic exposure or a higher dose is required to achieve the same effect.

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Tolerance-  A state in which an organism no longer responds to a drug after chronic exposure or a higher dose is required to achieve the same effect.

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1. Diversity- Differences between people, including differences in: age, genders, ethnic backgrounds, ages, physical and cognitive abilities, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, learning and work styles, body types, and work/life commitments.

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Unit 4- Political Parties

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22. Common law- judge- made law that originated in England in the twelfth century, when royal judges traveled around the country settling disputes in each locality according to prevailing customs.

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21. Statutory law- law that comes from authoritative and specific lawmaking sources, primarily legislatures but also including treaties and executive orders.

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20. Precedent-  Decisions made by judges in past cases that subsequent cases must follow.

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19.  Jurisdiction- The authority of a court of hear a case.

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18.  Criminal Law-  the body of rules and regulations that defines and specifies punishments for offenses of a public nature or for wrongs committed against the state or society. also called penal law.

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17. Constitutional Law- A body of the law that prescribes the extent and limits of state authority.

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16.  Civil law-  regulates conduct between individuals and provides remedies such as damages (Compensation) etc., at the suits of the person wronged.

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15. Administrative law-  Law practice specialty area which deals with legal rules that create, affect, and generated  by administrative agency.

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14. Recidivism rate-  Re offending after release. within a certain time frame. re-arrest not always for breaking the law (drinking, curfew, etc.)

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13. Judicial Process-  refers to the rules of procedural law that consists of both hearing and determining cases in criminal of procedural law that consists of both hearing and determining cases in criminal proceedings, civil lawsuits or administrative proceedings by constitutional courts.

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12. Criminal Case- a case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime as defined by the law.

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11. Appellate jurisdiction-  the authority of a court to review decisions of inferior (lower) courts

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10.  Original Jurisdiction-  the power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court.

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9. Veto-  Constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress wit reasons for rejecting it. A two-thirds vote in each house can override it.

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8. Standing Committee-  A permanent committee in congress that oversees bills that deal with certain kinds of issues.

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7.  Interest Group- An organization of people sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence government policymakers through direct and indirect methods.

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6.  Pocket Veto-  an indirect of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining or the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session.

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5. Lobbyist-  employees of the interest groups established to influence the outcome of elections and legislation.

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4. Constituent- One of the persons represented by a legislator or other elected or appointed official.

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3. Conference Committee-  Temporary committee set up to resolve the different versions of the same bill that House and Senate has passed.

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2. Filibuster-  An effort to prevent action in a legislature by making a long speech or series of speeches.

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1. Cloture-  The closing or Limitation of debate in a legislative body especially by calling for a vote.

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10. Judicial Review-  The courts can review any federal, state, or local law, or action to see if its is constitutional.

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9. Concurrent Powers- Those powers that both the national Government and States posessess and exercise.

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8. Reserved Powers- Those powers that the constitution does not grant the national government and does not, at the same time, deny to the states.

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7. Implied Powers- those delegated powers of the National Government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the constitution; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers.

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6. Expressed Powers- Powers are stated in the constitution- for example, the power to regulate both foreign and interstate commerce.

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5. rule of Law- A constitutional concept that highlights the supremacy of law over man as either a political theory and laying down the fundamentals requirement of law, or as a procedural device.

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4. Federalism- A form in government in which power is divided between the federal government  and the states.

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Help us make a better future By investing in the John Locke Foundation, you're transforming the beliefs you hold dear into a tangible, results-oriented set of actions. Your tax-deductible investment will help us work to make North Carolina more free.

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cks 3. Check and Balances- This system gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the others.

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s2.Separation of power- the powers of the national government are divided into distinct branches.

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1. popular sovereignty- the concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and accomplish government.

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UNIT 2

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shays rebellion-

this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes. pic- https://msmanjarrez.weebly.com/uploads/3/0/9/2/30927419/8c-political_cartoon-shays_rebellion.pdf

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Great Compromise-  agreement by which the Congress would have 2 houses, the senate  (where each state gets equal representation of population  pic- https://www.congressforkids.net/Constitution_greatcompromise.htm

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Constitutional Convention-  Meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. constitutions.  pic- https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/were-surprisingly-close-to-a-new-constitutional-convention-bad-idea/2017/04/06/f6d5b76a-197d-11e7-855e-4824bbb5d748_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.24b9bb92038a

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Federalist- Supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government.  pic- http://claudiasapgov.blogspot.com/2015/09/federalism.html

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Federalist Papers- 85 essays. Jason Madison, John Jay, and ALexander Hamilton wrote these documents.  the essays promoting the ratification of constitution. Pic-  https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/federalist.html

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Bill of Rights- The ten amendments of the constitution     pic-  http://constitutionus.com/?t=Bill%20of%20Rights

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Montesquieu- 1689-1775. born near Bordeaux in noble family. Studied law. inherits huge fortune and becomes President of Parliament. Withdraws from government and studies science and philosophy. writes considerations on the cause of the greatness of the Romans and their decline, as well as the the spirit of laws.   pic- https://frenchenlightenment.weebly.com/montesquieu-the-separation-of-powers.html

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John Locke-  English Philosopher who advocated the idea of " social contract" in which government powers are deprived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.    pic-   http://www.notable-quotes.com/l/locke_john.html

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Social Contract- the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government.                   pic-  http://mejdiihsan.blogspot.com/2015/04/john-locke-and-david-hume-similarities.html

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Natural Rights- life, liberty, and property.

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"common sense"- hopes of convincing the public with a swift change in government- revolution- so they can have self independence- self control.                            pics-     https://www.readthespirit.com/ourvalues/moral-values-whats-causing-our-moral-failings/

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Articles of Confederation-  this document, the nations first constitutions, was adopted  by the second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate, trade, or control coinage.         pics-  https://www.smore.com/vakr2-the-growth-of-a-new-nation

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Taxation without representation- during the1760's,  American colonist were not satisfied at the fact that all tax related to decisions were made made by the people living in great britain.  Colonists wanted to challenge that, which lead to the revolutionary war, when the colonist fought the Britain Empire for its own independence to have a right to govern its own decisions.             pics-  http://www.nikolasschiller.com/blog/index.php/archives/2011/07/04/7756/

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1. Salutary neglect- the period prior to 1763,  British colonies enjoyed rapid economic and political development with little regulation from Britain.                     pic- https://www.sutori.com/item/during-the-first-half-of-the-1700s-england-interfered-very-little-in-colonial-a