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Biodiversity is a combination of the words biological and diversity. It is the diversity of life forms in an environment. There are 3 scales: ecosystem, species, and genetic.

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Genetic diversity is a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population. The higher the genetic diversity, the better able a population is able to respond to environmental change.

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- The more people there are on the planet then the more pressing the demands of finite resources will be (ie. food, land, energy).
+ As the population grows, so do opportunities for more people to find solutions to resource depletion at a rapid rate.
- Extracting these natural resources at a rapid rate affects the environment in a negative way --> air pollution, water pollution
- Humans are growing faster than the Earth can handle, trees aren't being planted fast enough

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Food Production is the ability to grow food to nourish the human population. The human population is affecting the ability to grow and distribute the proper amount of food even though right now we have enough food to feed everyone.

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healthy soil is what supports the growth of necessary crops and with new technology it has allowed the production rate to increase

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A species is a group of organisms that differ from other groups of organisms in that they have different body structures, behavior, biochemical properties, and sometimes live in different environments. There are approximately 2 million IDENTIFIED different species on Earth but an estimated 5 to 100 million that has not yet been identified.

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Ecosystem diversity is a measure of the diversity of ecosystems that exist in a given region. The greater number of healthy and productive ecosystems means a healthier overall environment. As an indicator, the current loss of biodiversity tells us that natural systems are facing strains unlike any in the recent pass.

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A population is a number of all the organisms of the same group or species who live in a particular geographical area. Human population can tell us a great deal about the health of our global environment.
We must consider per capital resource, meaning the amount per person in a country or a unit --> the resulting value is the amount per person.

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Negatives:
-Food shortages led to higher prices and this is caused by human labor, irrigation, and climate.
-The demand for food is outpacing the supply of these crops.
-Humans can over-exploit the soil which can cause food production to decline.

Positives:
-The new technology helped increase the amount of food we can produce with the growing population.

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The consumption of natural resources provides the energy and materials that support human civilization. Resource depletion is an effect of the ever-growing human population. As the human population continues to grow, it demands more resources in order to sustain itself, something that usually results in a lack of resources and resource depletion.

Pros:
-The consumption of resources fosters innovation that mitigates the amount of natural resources humans use and provides quality of life improvements.

Cons:
-Land degradation, waste from discarded manufactured products, and air pollution are byproducts of humanity's ever-growing civilizations.

-The natural resources are finite even if they are "renewable."

-Developing nations take the brunt of pollutants spread by developed nations.

-Humans are consuming resources at an unsustainable rate.

-Unknown long-term effects resulting from new methods of resource extraction.

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Species Diversity includes the number of species in a region or particular ecosystem. when there are more species in an ecosystem, there is higher species diversity. Also, when there are more species in an environment, such as plants in a rain forest, are more productive and more able to withstand change if it comes down to it. Speciation is the evolution of new species and the average rate at which species go extinct is called the background extinction rate.

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As Carbon Dioxide concentration increases, temperature raises. Greenhouse gases contribute to the warming of the atmosphere.

Positives:
+ Greenhouse gases keep the Earth at a temperature that is safe for life.

Negatives:
- The surplus in atmospheric CO2 is anthropogenic (man-made) an due to that humans are combusting fossil fuels and creating a loss of forests and land areas. This is negative because the forests would normally convert excess CO2 from the atmosphere into O2.