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Las Casas believes natives to be capable and  instead of subjugating and enslaving them, is in favor in teaching them to learn the Christian faith. He believes them to be clever and could be easily taught, backing this up by saying that they had competent systems before the Spaniards. This greatly differs from Sepulveda's view; however, he still believes them to be slightly barbaric and slightly sinful due to not being Christian.

K. Huynh

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In the second excerpt Las Casas defends the native people in that they are capable of civilization and literacy, but he believes that their abilities are lacking and can be improved by obtaining Christian belief. Throughout the excerpt La Casas explains that many aspects of indigenous civilizations are similar, if not the same, as the Spanish. But he somewhat agrees that they are barbaric for their lack of christian faith. Though Las Casas believes that natives are civilized people, who deserve respect, he believes they need to follow Christianity in order to become fully civilized. The narrative that natives need Europeans to save them from their " lack of civilization" is another common theme that colonizers used in order to justify their actions, which is subtly implied in this excerpt.

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In the first excerpt Sepulveda claims that the native people are inhuman and should be treated as less than for their lack of civilization. Throughout the excerpt, Sepulveda insults the native people, he explains that their lack of contribution to history and  literacy by Spanish standards, is proof as to why they are inferior to the Spanish. These ideas were popular among many Europeans during this time, depicting natives as uncivilized people to justify enslaving them.

-J. Valencia

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P. Do
Las Casas asserts that Native Americans should not be dominated by Spain as they are civilized, wise, and would be willing to be taught the Catholic faith. Las Casas presents the fact of existing laws, religion, commerce, and organized cities. He uses the claims to emphasize the Native American's apparent cleverness and how they are a clear oppurtunity as additions to the Christain religion. Las Casas proclaims that the way Spaniards have treated the natives is inhumane and advocates for replacing their ways with impartial treatment. His favortism toward the Native Americans are due to his perception of them as an advantage to the Christain faith and desire to discard them of their "barbarity".

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Bartolome De Las Casas defends the capabilities, virtues, and humanity of the indigenous peoples of the New World while criticizing the Spanish mistreatment and supporting for their conversion to Christianity. De Las Casa acknowledges the important societies of the indigenous people; he recognizes the developed kingdoms, cities, kings, laws, commerce, and other aspects of a structured society. De Las Casa defends the intelligence of the natives, stating that they have the capability to learn and to teach. Bartolome De Las Casas vies the indigenous people as brothers and asserts that Christ gave his life for them.
-S. Nguyen

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Juan Gines Sepulveda claims that the Spanish have a rightful authority over the indigenous peoples of the New World due to their perceived superiority in virtues and civilization. Sepulveda asserts that the indigenous people were created inferior to the Spanish and lack basic humanity. He further emphasizes the virtues of the Spanish people that the Indians lack, such as talent and restraint. Sepulveda's argument is full of instances of social Darwinism; however, his writings reflect the common attitudes and justifications of the time.
-S. Nguyen

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P. Do
Sepulveda viewed Native Americans as inferior beings and argued that they would benefit from being dominated by the Spanish. He claims that Native Americans could not prosper by themselves due to the lack of individuality as they were dependent on their kings who were elected by majority vote. Sepulveda believes that due to their dependency on their rulers as well having a not hereditary monarchy, they have already been born to slavery and are rooted in barabric nature. Sepulveda reasons that Spanish domination would benefit Native Americans as they could alleviate them from "uncivilized" way of life through their laws, faith, and hierarchy.

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De Las Casa implies that the natives are barbarians, however, in contrast to Sepulveda, Casa believes that the natives should be given the same amount of rights as the Spaniards. He backs this up by claiming that the natives have vast cities and kingdoms and that they too, like the Spaniards, commerce and trade just like them as well. Although Casa believes this, he still thinks them barbarians that need to be "cleansed" and taught the Catholic ways, however, he does not think they are inferior than the Spaniards, unlike Sepulveda. He believes that the natives are: meek, simple, and moderate and can easily be controlled if pushed hard enough.

-N. Hava

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De las Casa claims that even though the Natives are simple and a little barbaric, they still deserve to be treated as people. He sees the Natives as people who need to learn about Christ to become proper civilized people. He also claims that the Natives are just as capable as a Spaniard and in some cases they surpass them. He believes that the natives should not be discriminated against and that it is the Spanish’s job to teach the Natives how to be civilized people and about Christ.

M. Matheny

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Speulveda claims that the Natives are barbaric and deserve to be treated as such because they chose how to live and what to believe in. Speulveda states that the Spanish are better and more civilized than the natives, he even goes so far as to compare them to Apes. He believes that it is the Spanish right to treat the Natives with violence and cruelty.

M. Matheny

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Sepulveda views the natives as people who are not human, rather, he views them as people who are apes and savage beasts. Sepulveda degrades them and says that they are beings that need to be controlled by the Spaniards. He says they are people to be controlled, and that the natives are "servile" to their king, which in turn means that they can be servile and meek to the Spaniards. In comparison to De Las Casa, Casa believes that the natives can be taught Catholic beliefs and goes on to say that the natives are their equal in such a way that they can be considered brothers.

-N. Hava

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Las Casas was a huge contrast to Sepulveda, as he believed the Native Americans were not to be enslaved. He is not hesitant in expressing how he thinks they are excellent, clever individuals. He is confident that they are capable of doing just about everything a Spaniard can- if not more- though they simply need the proper teachings. He even goes as far to say that the Indians are their brothers, which clearly suggests them to be equals. Sepulveda believes them to be a gift of God and something to guide into the light, not enslave.

-M. Echiveste

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De Las Casa supports and sides with the natives that they shouldn't be looked down upon and discriminated against. That instead they should be treated fairly like any other human being. De Las Casa claims that although the natives may be simple but that they are our brothers and Christ has given his life for them. Also, that the natives could be easy to teach and that they are very talented in learning all of the liberal of arts. De Las Casa believes that the natives should be treated fairly like the Spanish since they are equals and they only need to be taught to truly become civilized people.
-A. Rodriguez

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During a debate that would discuss what relation Spain should have with the Native Americans, Sepulveda strongly expressed that Spain should rule over them due to how they act. In Sepulveda's eyes, they were hardly even human. He clearly states how he believes them to be unintelligent, barbaric, vile and frankly violent creatures. Furthermore, he thinks their crude imitation of a human societies is not a sign of cleverness. He believes it to be no different to how a spider builds its web or a bird building a nest. In short, Sepulveda claims they are animals and that animals are to be ruled over, lest they destroy themselves.

-M. Echiveste

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Speulveda argues that the Spanish have the perfect right to rule over these barbarians due to them not being as talented as the Spanish. Speulveda states how these barbarians are uncivilized and also lawless. He also compares them to animals saying how the animals are cleverer than them being able to make certain structures that no human can accomplish or even imitate. This then states how the Spanish should enslave the natives and rule over them hence ruling the new world.
- A. Rodriguez

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Las Casas strongly disagrees with Sepulveda's views about the natives.  For example, Las Casas defends the natives by mentioning how they are brothers through Christianity since many natives are being converted.  Las Casas states, "The Indians are our brothers, and Christ has given his life for them" (Las Casas).  This demonstrates that Las Casas sees the natives as an equal because in his view Christ has given them life just like the Spaniards, whereas Sepulveda viewed the natives as an inferior group compared to the Spaniards.

-J. Salcedo

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De Las Casas advocated for the Native Americans and had humanity towards them during a time when people who had humanity for them were far and few. He believed that they were civilized to a certain extent and just needed guidance from Spain instead of total conquering. He advocated for them by pointing out that their alleged barbarity must not be combated with barbarity from Spain. De Las Casas pointed out positive things in their society and about them, such as their laws, customs, religion, and even pointed out that some of their laws surpass Spain's. De Las Casas argued that the Natives only really needed to be taught Christianity and follow it in order to become truly civilized people.

- A. Carter

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Casas agrues that the Indians should not be discriminated upon, but rather they should be treated fairly. Casas claims that the Indians are rather simple and moderate, but also they are our brothers that Christ has given them life. And also claims that Indians are just as civilized as the Spanish and rather not barbaric and stupid. As he believes that the Indians should be treated fairly like the Spanish as they are a creation of God/Christ, and they are just as equal as the Spanish.

- J. Dinh

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Sepulveda believes that the Spaniards have a right to enslave the Native Americans because they are supposedly inferior. Sepulveda views and describes the Natives as barbarians who are lawless and uncivilized. He believes that they are already slaves to their own people and thinks that it would not only be right, but it would also be easy to force them to serve Spain. He is placing the Natives so far beneath him in as many ways that he can, by insulting their culture, government, and entire existence. His goal is to enslave them and theoretically help them achieve some amount of the civility that he believes they lack.

- A. Carter

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Sepulveda strongly believes that the 'barbaric' natives of The World should be ruled over by the Spanish.  Furthermore, Sepulveda mentions how these natives are not humane at all.  For example, it states in The Second Democrates, "they did not consider a victory at all worthwhile unless they stated their monstrous hunger with the flesh of their enemies." (Sepulveda).  This is a very strange concept for Sepulveda, the thought of eating someone else's flesh disgusts him, but considering his views about the natives he will probably hate their every action since he views the natives as an inferior group. Throughout the excerpt Sepulveda belittles these natives of the New World, and mentions how the Spanish are far superior.  In the Second Democrates it also mentions, "[The natives] are as inferior to the Spanish as children to adults" (Sepulveda). This demonstrates Sepulveda's attitude toward these natives since he does not even see the natives as human, he sees them as some species that need to be ruled over since they provide to their king more than they provide for themselves.

-J. Salcedo

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Juan Gines Sepulveda agrues that the Spanish has the every right to rule over the Indians as they are not civlized compared to the Spainish. Sepulveda goes on to comparing the differences in intelligence between the Indians and the Spanish. As he compares the Spainish to the most civilized, but the Indians to be "barbaric" and "savages". This would help lead to his claim that the Spanish has every right to rule over them in order to help make them more civilized.

-J. Dinh

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Sepulveda argues that the indigenous people are inferior to the Spanish which should give the Spanish the right to conquer them. He describes the indigenous as "barbaric", "uncivilized", and "unintelligent" when complaining about how opposing their lifestyle and ideals are to the Spanish. Because of this, Sepulveda believes that the Spanish should control the indigenous people in order to "civilize" and "save" them. He also criticizes their form of government calling it "improper" which emphasizes his belief that the indigenous people should be controlled by the Spanish.

- T. Tran

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De Las Casa argues that indigenous people should not be dehumanized and controlled by the Spanish since they are capable of governing themselves. He calls them "brothers" who have built flourishing kingdoms with established laws, rulers, and a thriving form of commerce. De Las Casa also discredits the Spanish's belief that they helped "civilized" the indigenous people by describing how the indigenous are capable of learning about the Spanish culture and beliefs. He believes the indigenous should not be forced to convert to Christianity but rather through their teachings of it.

- T. Tran

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Casas argues against Sepulveda, claiming that the Indians should be protected as one of their people. He explains that although they [Spaniards] may see the Indians as barbaric, they are pretty sophisticated, proving the Indians are similar to the Spanish, having built thriving kingdoms and cities, established laws and rulers, and had a form of commerce. In his final statement, he claims that the difference between the Indians and the Spanish is that Indians aren't Christians. He then suggests that they [the Spanish] should convert the Indians peacefully instead of conquering them because although the Indians may be considered barbaric, they are still God's creations; they should be treated humanely and it isn't morally right if they were to persecute the Indians.

-J. Nguyen

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Bartolome believes that people of North America should not be treated harshly. According to Bartolome, that the Indians managed to cultivate Friendship, stick together in fellowship, and create law for peace and war fairly in their cities which the people of Athens would admire. This shows that the Indians are not just barbaric but rather intelligent and friendly, Bartolome suggests that instead of treating them as enemies they should become friends

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Sepulveda argues that Native Americans are less than human and that the Spanish are doing them a favor by "saving them". He claims that Native Americans are barbarians, constantly fighting against one another with little to no proof of humanity. Sepulveda believes that due to Native Americans being the equivalent to even animals, they were meant to be born into slavery and to submit to the Spanish.

-R. Huynh

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Bartolome de Las Casas claims that the Indians should be considered as humans and protected by Spaniards. He explains that they possess exceptional learning capability and a wisely ordered civilization. He views that they could excel most people. Therefore, they should be considered brothers, protected and be teached Christianity.
- K. Le

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Juan Gines de Sepulveda argues that the Indians should be reduced and be ruled by Spaniards. He explains that since they don't possess any learning at all nor do they possess liberty. He views them as a servile and barbarous nation. This justified that the natives should be enslaved and ruled, therefore, the Spaniards ruling the new world.
- K. Le

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Bartolome de Las Casas' main point is that Native Americans are not barbaric but rather civilized people, perhaps even more-so than people of the Old World. He explains how Native Americans engaged in trade and have organized religions and customs. They even have laws that seem to exceed the Spanish. Bartolome even goes on to say how barbaric it is that the Spanish have come to try and justify their enslavement of the Native Americans, and that by joining Christ the Natives can get rid of their sins and earn fair treatment.

-R. Huynh

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Unlike Sepulveda, Bartolome De Las Casas accepted the idea of natives as morally equal. He wanted the monarchs of Spain and other conquistadores to embrace the same notion, arguing that natives possessed feats like established customs, laws and organized states that made them a developed and humanistic society much to the belief of the Spaniards. He saw the institutionalization of exploitative systems like the Encomienda System as contradictory to the idea behind civilizing natives, thus why he rejected the idea of indian slavery and semi-coerced labor.

-A. Nguyen

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De Las Casa believes that the people of North America were not meant to be seen as enemies of the Spanish, but rather as friends.  De Las Casa's idea was rather than using force, they should peacefully teach the natives and their people to convert, and embrace the change. This would cause a lot less bloodshed for both parties, less material used, and access to the surrounding land easier.

-A. Pham

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De Las Casas believed that American Indians  should not be dehumanized and had civilized societies unlike Sepulveda. De Las Casas argued that before the arrival of the Spanish, the American Indians had their own organized states and religion. He argued that American Indians were not barbaric but were actually smart and capable of learning new things such as Christianity so brutally forcing them to do labor and coercing them to convert to Christianity would not be right. Although De Las Casas still believed that the American Indian customs and culture was inferior to the Spanish, he believed that teaching them to convert to Christianity in a more humane way was better than forcing them.

-R. Nguyen

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Sepulveda argues that Spaniards have the right to conquer the "New World." Referring the Indians to half-men numerous of times, constantly compares the Spanish superior to the barbaric/ inhumane Indians. Additionally, he claims this trait hinders their capability of establishing a refined government. Lastly, he reminds them that it is their mission to spread the faith which in turn civilizes.

-J Nguyen

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In the Valladolid Debate, Sepulveda believes the Spaniards should have every right to exercise control over the natives. To Sepulveda, natives were inherently inferior to the Spanish and thus depended on the governing rule of the Spanish. He critiques the natives for being “barbaric” by claiming they do not possess written laws and European rendered ideals of individual freedom like property. Moreover, he argues that natives living under Spanish authority in New Spain and the province of Mexico were the most civil. By rendering Spanish colonization as part of a mission to spread civility in places like Mexico, he emphasizes his belief that natives were in no position to govern themselves.

-A. Nguyen

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Bartolome de Las Casas argue that the Indians are intelligent and that even if Indians are barbaric, the cruel treatment of Indians is justified. First, Las Casas opens up his argument by countering the logic that anti-Indian arguments use like how in the first paragraph, Las Casas argued that how can Sepulveda argue that they are barbaric when they built great cities and governing systems, implying that if Sepulveda believe them to be savages, how can he ignore the great accomplishments of the Indians. Then, Las Casas makes a point about the cruel treatment and plunder of Indians, questioning if that is how the Spaniards should impose Christ upon the Indian peoples and that the Indians have a great capacity to learn the liberal arts and Christ. Finally, Las Casas then argues at the end that teaching the word of Christ is much more effective and uncruel than plundering and imposing Christianity against Indian peoples' wishes.

- T. Nguyen

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Las Casas believed that the Indians were like their brothers, and so they should not be seen as savages, but as friends. He told of how Indians were not barbaric like Sepulveda suggested, but meek and organized through their governments and capable of learning and practicing Christianity not through force but peace. This showed Indians were just as civilized as the Spanish, and so they were deserving of fair treatment, through their conversion to Christianity  or as a human being.
- H Le.

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De Las Casas' point of view is that the indigenous natives are a civilized, respectable society that does not require Spanish ruling. He uses the political state of the native governments and rulers to portray them as civilized people. De La Casas uses religion to attack Sepulveda's argument, and claims that if the Spaniards want to influence the natives, they must behave civilized, as he desires a mutually beneficial relationship between them.

- I. Arana

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On the other hand, Bartolome de Las Casas saw Indian people as friends. Therefore, instead of brutally forcing them to learn Christian or rule them, he suggested to be friends with them. Generally, he recommended the king to teach Indians people Christian or how to farm

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Sepulveda argues that the Spaniards have the right to rule over the peoples of the New World. The thesis of Sepulveda's argument revolves around the idea that the Spaniards are superior to the indians by first, arguing how superior the Spaniards were, and when at their cruelest they still had kindness. Then, Sepulveda proceeds to argue against the Indians by making several points about how illiterate, cruel, and cowardly they were. Sepulveda then establishes an counterargument, in which he explains the slight advantages of artisanship and way of governance the inhabitants of New Spain and Mexico had, for which he proceeds to argue against these ideals, exclaiming how there was no individual property rights and exchange of wills, which was against what he thought to be the rational way of life and turned the idea of democratically elected kingship to say that the natives before had every opportunity to choose a liberal way of life and dissuade monarchy. Finally, he uses the logic that at every chance the native inhabitants chose a cruel king, and so when the Spainards arrived and usurped the king, they are doing a favor for they have replaced a cruel king with a noble one instead.

- T. Nguyen

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Bartolome believes that the People of North America in many ways surpass the teaching of the Spaniards. (Not Done)

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Sepulveda stated that the natives of Western world were no more than simple-minded barbarians. Almost simply even considered as apes compared to the Spanish, with their great humanity, talents, and faith. Taking advantage of this, the Spanish used this as validated reasoning to control the Indians, and label them as simple-minded barbarians.

-A. Pham

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Juan Gines De Sepulveda claims that Indians are barbarians and so the Spanish should be able to rule and 'correct' them. He refers to the Indians as homunculi incapable of governance in that they are not born into a civic and liberal life but rather a one of slavery and savage in their customs and conflicts. This highlights, in his mind, the inferiority of Indians, and justifies the need for the Spanish to subjugate or control them in order to 'save' them.
H. Le

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Sepulveda believed that the natives were "savage", "barbaric", and that the Spaniards were more civilized; he also heavily supported that the Spain should conquer the New World. In the text, he calls them  half-men, believing them to be less human and even comparing them to apes in comparison to the Spaniards. Though he recognizes that they are talented in certain aspects, he thus diminishes that by comparing them to how an animal is able to do things that humans can't. He also states that they are already slaves to their leaders and could be easily subjugated to the Christian faith instead, claiming them to be of virtue and justified in doing so.
K. Huynh

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Sepulveda's main argument is that the Indigenous natives are savage barbarians whose nature is servile. That the civilized Spaniards have a right to rule them. Sepulveda mentions the ruthless leaders and alleged cannibalism as a way to portray the aborigines as apes, inferior to the educated and civilized Spaniards. In his portrayal of both societies, his means are for the 'merciful' Spaniards to rule over the indigenous, and spare them from their own vices.

- I. Arana

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Sepulveda argues that the Spanish had the right to rule the American Indians in the New World. Sepulveda dehumanizes the American Indians making them seem inferior to to the Spanish and even comparing them to apes rather than humans. Sepulveda criticizes their society such as the way they govern calling their government having no laws and barbaric and also states that they eat human flesh. Sepulveda uses this as justification for the Spanish to conquer the New World and the American Indians because he makes it seem like the American Indians are incapable of governing themselves so they should let the Spanish govern them and so that they can move away from their customs and accept Christianity.

-R. Nguyen

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Upon encountering Indigenous people, Sepulveda believed that the Spanish were fully in the right to conquer the New World Lands. He goes on by discussing the intelligence and status of their people. He believed that they were barbarians, which meant everything they had done to create civilization to their ruling system, to even marking themselves into history was inadequate.  The continuity of this throughout history would uprise the idea of a certain ethnic group being superior over the other.

- Z. Romero

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Juan Gines de Sepulveda claimed that Spaniard was at the top when it came to Native Americans. He expressed that Spanish had all rights to govern Americas. This encouraged the king to send the army over to take control of the whole America

-V. Lien

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Bartolomé de Las Casas opposed the beliefs of Sepulveda and believed that the Native Indians were just as human and civilized as Spain. He argued about the belief that they were incapable of government and claimed that prior to the arrival of the Spainiards they had properly organized states, wisely ordered by excellent laws, religion, and custom. Though he and Sepulevda both believe in their duty to convert the Natives to Christianity, Casas believed in a more civil approach that allowed them to dissolve the teachings of Christ on their own rather than be forced through servitude or other inhumane means.

- L. Huy

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Sepulveda views the inhabitants of the new world as barbarians due to them being uncivilized and "inferior to the Spanish as children to adults", this gives them the perfect right to conquer them. Sepulveda views them as inferior barbarians due to them having no written laws only "barbarian institutions and customs". Sepulveda dislikes the way the people treat the king from paying taxes to public feasts. With all the power the king of the tribe takes things for his own personal advantage. Sepulveda wants to conquer and convert the inhabitans to christianity in order to make them more civilized.

- A. Jose

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Sepulveda states that the people of North America should be conquered by the Spanish. According to Sepulveda, he states that the Indians are uncivilized by not recording their own history to preserve it, they do not have any written laws for their people to follow but have barbarous customs of the old, and they allow themselves to fight with each other to  satiate their hunger for blood. Sepulveda claims that letting the New World be conquered by the Spanish is good for them it allows them to teach the Indians how inhumane they were about their customs and make them accept Christianity.

-K. Ly

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Bartolome believes that Native customs are simple and moderate and still hold to the same barbaric thought as Sepulevda. However, believes that conversion to Christianity would help civilize the Natives without the use of violence, building the idea of  "Indian residential schools" seen in the U.S and Canada in later time periods.

-J. Prieto

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Sepulveda believes that the Native Indians are lesser inferior humans that deserve to be under Spain's servitude. He believes in a “natural order” where because of Spain’s superiority and the inferiority of the Native’s civilization that they are born into slavery rather than civic and liberal life. Sepulveda carries ethnocentric beliefs that he uses to judge the Native’s people and culture as a tool to justify their exploitation.

- L. Huy

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Sepuveda, claims that "The Spanish have a perfect right to rule these barbarians of the New World and the adjacent islands, who in prudence, skill, virtues, and humanity are as inferior to the Spanish as children to adults, or women to men" These continuities throughout American history highlight those of historical developments such as U.S Manifest Destiny and Social Darwinism to justify colonialism and build the idea that the colonizers are given the divine right to civilize the natives.

-J. Prieto

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Bartolome de Las Casas claims that the lives of the natives of the New World are worth protecting. De Las Casas stated that the natives were not only clever, as they were capable of creating a great society that taught morals, but that simply conquering the natives would not align with Christian morals of equality under God. This would prove the natives had human lives worth protecting too, as they possessed the ingenuity and cleverness of the Spaniards too, and that they were equal to the Spaniards under the eyes of God.

- L. Tran

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Juan Gines Sepulveda believed that the Spanish had every right to conquer the New World. Sepulveda constantly stated that the natives were barbarians and half-men or homunculi, during his degradation of their government system. This, along with his claim that they would be saved by the righteous Christians of Spain, would serve as justification on why the New World should be conquered by the Spanish.

- L. Tran