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On your notebook, describe the flag and make assumptions on the meaning of this flag. What does it represent?

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A Walk Through Time With Aboriginal Art   

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A Walk Through Time With Aboriginal Art   

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A) Get in 5 teams (teams will be assigned by the teacher - see below for Team E) and work on the task which has been assigned to you.

Team A: Create a timeline of events that will provide everybody with the historical context in Australia.

Team B: Create a map that includes cities, tribes, landscapes and particularities of these areas related to art.                                                                                               Team C: Create a poster/slideshow presenting the different rules/principles of Aboriginal art.
Team D: Create a matching game on LearningApps, presenting the different tools or products used, as well as the result that could be obtained in Aboriginal Art.

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The history of Australia is complicated. It is so large and remote that each state has its own personal and unique story, but almost every area was originally inhabited by the Aboriginal people, with records showing them living in Australia as far back as 80,000 years ago. They lived off the land, moving to areas that suited their needs depending on the seasons. Some tribes preferred the coastal lands, while others were happier in the bush. It is believed that there were around one million Aboriginal people in the early 18 th century, distributed between over 500 different tribes and speaking around 700 different languages between them.

A Background: Western Invasion

When the British discovered Australia around 1770, they decided it would be a great place to house their convicts. Prisoners were shipped in through Sydney Harbour and the Aboriginals began to experience a loss of territories as the prisons were built. Many also fell prey to foreign diseases, leading to illnesses they did not understand and, often, death.

Meanwhile, the staff working at the prisons sent back news of cheap land and well-paid work. News of a discovery of gold in New South Wales and Victoria hit China and suddenly Australia was inundated with migrants from all over the world who saw the chance for a better life.

For the Aboriginals, this meant disaster. Many were massacred, according to new Australian laws, as they got in the way of the western takeover, until only 60,000 of them remained. Eventually, this legislation was amended, so that slaughter was illegal but aboriginal children could be forcibly removed from their parents and adopted by a western family, introducing them to a way of life that was considered more civilised.

This legislation was also eventually abolished, but tensions between the two cultures still run high in modern society. Despite having access to free housing, they often do not live in the best of conditions and others have chosen to continue their traditional lifestyle in more remote areas of the country. One thing that both sides can appreciate is Aboriginal art. The indigenous population sees their work as a way to express their creativity and celebrate their culture, while Westerners see it as a way to help them settle into their society. Throughout Australia there are museums and galleries dedicated to the paintings and creative works of the Aboriginals and it can often be found for sale, making a perfect souvenir for tourists.

Art Through the Years

The first pieces of Aboriginal art were found in the form of rocks painted with ochres. The aboriginal tribes' language did not translate into written form, so they would often use their art as a way to communicate and express their feelings. The easiest way to do this was through story-telling scenes, making the art a delightful experience for the intended recipient, as well as an outsider point-of-view. Some paintings are intended to teach younger generations about survival and how to use the land, while others explained the tribes' beliefs and philosophies, as well as moral standards.

Most art was depicted using ochre paint on walls, trees and even bodies up until the 1930's. It was around this time that watercolours were introduced at the Hermannsburg Mission in Alice Springs. The artists were encouraged to paint desert landscapes, with the first exhibition of the celebrated painter, Albert Namatjira, being held in 1937 in Adelaide.

It was in the 1970's that Aboriginal art really came into its own. As the aboriginal children started to be integrated into schools, it became apparent to the westerners that their fathers would tell their children stories by drawing scenes in the sand. Geoffrey Barden was the school teacher in Papunya, Alice Springs, credited with encouraging the children to paint murals on the school walls before introducing them to cardboard and wood and, eventually, canvas. It was not long before the parents began to commit their scenes to a more permanent background too, and so began the Aboriginal art movement.

Modern Tools with Traditional Themes

The style of Aboriginal art varies according to tribe and area, but a common aspect of their creativity is the use of dots and cross-hatching. This unique painting style is thought to have been used to convey messages and tell stories even before they had discovered canvas. The scenes they would carve into the soil or on rocks would be surrounded by dots, visible only to tribe members, since the soil could be smoothed over and the rock paint could be washed away as needed.

Some of the very early pieces do show images of spiritual and ritual objects and ceremonies, as well as treasured artefacts, but there are very few of these designs in existence, as this full disclosure style was soon abandoned once the indigenous people realised that painting on canvas enabled Westerners and other tribes-people to understand their sacred designs and pictures, something that they had been able to keep for themselves for so long. This is why the majority of Aboriginal images contain abstracted sections, or may seem completely abstracted, as the artist takes the original image and skews it in an effort to disguise the meaning.

Even though the designs are now more permanent, there is a respected rule that aboriginals may only paint stories passed down to them through the generations. If a story is not thought to 'belong' to them, they will not use it in their art.

Colour Is Everything

There is a unifying theme throughout art in each tribe, and that is in the colours that are used. Traditionally, tribes had to make use of the dyes that surrounded them; in Arnhem Land and Kimberley, this meant using ochre, iron clay pigments and charcoal to create white, yellow, red and black, as well as grey, greens and mauves later on. However, tribes in the desert had access to soft earth colours.

Since access to modern paints has become easier for the tribespeople, brighter, primary colours have been incorporated into many designs, particularly those painted by women. However, the core shades remain since they are considered to be essential for the story-telling element.

Finding Your Way

Many well-known painters like to adopt an aerial view when creating their designs, imagining themselves hovering over a scene and almost painting a map of their considered surroundings. These images often show locations of sources of food and water, giving them a much more significant meaning to other tribe members, but are perhaps not so clear to outsiders.

Million-Dollar Art

In 2007, there was a spike in interest of aboriginal paintings. The first piece of Aboriginal art to sell for more than $1 million was painted by Emily Kame Kngwarreye. Titled 'Earth's Creation', it sold in the May to a private buyer and is a beautiful abstract design filled with bright yellows, greens, blues, brown and white.

Then, in July of the same year, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri sold his painting, 'Warlugulong' for £2.4 million. This was a more sombre picture, with browns and greens and all the natural colours of the land and helped to cement aboriginal art's position as one of the most successful and long-lasting cultures ever.

There are few other art forms that have survived such a long period of time, with aboriginal art bringing the past into the future, so that indigenous roots, cultures and traditions are never forgotten. The fact that certain pieces can now command such a high price tag is testament to the skill of the artist, and also the importance of the message they have to convey.
Sources:

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A Walk Through Time With Aboriginal Art | Ken Bromley Art Supplies

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The history of Australia is complicated. It is so large and remote that each state has its own personal and unique story, but almost every area was

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Team E: Scan the article to answer the following questions:

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Team E: Scan the article to answer the following questions:

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1) Has the practice of Aboriginal Art evolved over time?
2) What was the purpose of Aboriginal Art?
3) What unexpected effect has Aboriginal Art had in Australia?

- Once you are done answering your questions, get together and prepare a 5-minute oral presentation to explain your answers to your 3 questions, with a slideshow.

- Then, go from group to group, ask each group what they are working on, and share the information you had in your text you feel they might need. They will have to check whether they already had this information and, if need be, add it to their own productions.

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Aboriginal culture dates back as far as 60,000 years, possibly longer. This is when Aboriginal people first settled in what is now known as Australia. The first evidence of Aboriginal ethos or philosophy is evident in the still visible rock art which dates back more than 20,000 years.

Ochres were used to paint on rocks. Archaeologists have been able to date remains and findings as far back as 40,000 to 60,000 years from discoveries of primal campsites.

Aboriginal Art & Symbols

There is no written language for Aboriginal People so in order to convey their important cultural stories through the generations, it is portrayed by symbols/icons through their artwork.

It is imperative to pass on information to preserve their culture. Indigenous art is centered on story telling. It is used as a chronical to convey knowledge of the land, events and beliefs of the Aboriginal people.

The use of symbols is an alternate way to writing down stories of cultural significance, teaching survival and use of the land. The interpretations of the iconography differ depending on the audience.

When being told to children it would take on a simpler form highlighting the educational and behavioural aspect. There can be a combination of information and moral teachings behind the story. The children are taught right from wrong and the consequences of good and bad behaviour.

The stories, however would be interpreted at a very different and higher level form when teaching to initiated elders.

History of Aboriginal Art

Although Australian Aboriginals have been using ochres as body paint, on bark and rocks for tens of thousands of years it was not until the 1930's that the first paintings were done.

These were not done in ochre or in dot art but in water colour at the Hermannsburg mission near Alice Springs.

They illustrated desert landscapes. The first exhibition was in 1937 by the most famous of the first aboriginal watercolour painters, Albert Namatjira. His exhibition was held in Adelaide.

Below are several of his artworks and a collage of images.

Up until the early 1970s artists mainly used watercolours. Ochre and bark paintings were starting to become available to non-Indigenous admirers and at Ernabella mission in 1948 an art and craft centre was founded.

Traditionally paintings by Aboriginals were drawn on rock walls, ceremonial articles, as body paint and most significantly drawn in dirt or sand together with songs or stories. Artwork we see today on canvas and board commenced merely 50 years ago.

The Birth Of "Contemporary" Indigenous Art

In 1971, a school teacher named Geoffrey Bardon was working with Aboriginal children in Papunya, near Alice Springs. He noticed whilst the Aboriginal men were telling stories they would draw symbols in the sand.

He encouraged them to paint the stories onto canvas and board. This began the famous Aboriginal art movement. It was a major jump for Indigenous people to start painting their stories onto western facades which was a very foreign concept to them.

Since then Australian Aboriginal Art has been identified as the most exciting contemporary art form of the 20th Century. Aboriginal Artists need permission to paint particular stories.

They inherit the rights to these stories which are passed down through generations within certain skin groups. An Aboriginal artist cannot paint a story that does not belong to them through family.

Aboriginal Dreaming

Creation Law is the heart of Aboriginal culture and consequently for Aboriginal art. It sets down the Dreaming which provides the identity for Aboriginal people and their association or link to the land.

Dreamtime or Jukurrpa and Tingari (the term varies according to their particular local language) is the translation of the Creation of time for the Aboriginal People. Most Aboriginal Artists paint facets of their Dreaming which forms a share of their inheritance and identity.
Click Here to View 1000+ Amazing Aboriginal Artworks
Dots in Aboriginal Art

Many people believe that dots were used to hide information from white men when the Aboriginal people became afraid that they would be able to see and understand their sacred, private knowledge. The dots were used to obscure the secret symbols or iconography underneath.

The Many Styles of Aboriginal Art

Aboriginal art differs in character and style depending from which region the artist is from and what language is spoken. Most contemporary art can be recognised from the community where it was created.

The use for ochre paints is marked in Arnhem Land and east Kimberley. Materials (colours) used for Aboriginal art was originally obtained from the local land. Ochre or iron clay pigments were used to produce colours such as white, yellow, red and black from charcoal.

Other colours were soon added such as smokey greys, sage greens and saltbush mauves.

During the mid 1980's more Aboriginal women artists appeared on the scene and a wider range of modern colours were chosen and bright desert paintings started to arrive on the market.

Choice of colour continues to be an identifying feature of a particular style in many communities; Papunya Tula, part of the western desert art movement is known for its use of soft earth colours whilst many other Western Desert Communities opt for strong primary colours.

The styles vary dramatically even within regions and there is certainly no hard rule here as can be seen in many of Papunya's artworks that don't necessarily follow this thinking.

Other artistic variations pinpoint more closely to specific communities. Again, the styles can vary significantly within communities as well, although many become "well known" for a particular style of art.

A very popular style adopted by artists is painting from an aerial view. Many Indigenous artists imagine themselves hovering over the land (country) observing both the natural and metaphysical forms or markings of the landscape.

This characteristic style is quite popular and has led to some incredible works being produced. Knowledge of water sources and locations of bush tucker are drawn onto these maps.

Songlines or Dreaming tracks laid down in the Creation time by the spirit Ancestors are also laid down by the artist. These bird's eye views are characteristic of a hunter and gatherer society.

They read the earth surface closely for signs of life, for tracking animals and recognising recent events.

The Rise of The Indigenous Art Market

May 2007 saw the first piece of Indigenous art sold for more than $1 million. It was achieved by Emily Kame Kngwarreye's work 'Earth's Creation' also sold in 2007 to a private buyer for $1.056 million.

The same year in July of one of Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's acclaimed work 'Warlugulong "map series" reached $2.4 million.

Aboriginal Art is equally at home in both galleries and museums. The Indigenous Aboriginal people of Australia are arguably the most successful and certainly the longest surviving culture in human history.

It is complex and focused on long term survival in the most hostile of environments. It has deep knowledge, spiritual, cultural and practical survival teachings.

Aboriginal Art reflects the earliest period of this ancient culture; it has both artistic and anthropological merit. This is one of the reasons it is so special and important.

Aboriginal Art & Remote Communities

Contemporary Aboriginal art has been an incentive for remote Aboriginal communities, in many places being the only business in small communities providing significant income to Aboriginal families.

The art movement has helped to strengthen culture in Aboriginal society by reinforcing the values of traditional knowledge, which forms the basis of Aboriginal art.

Now there is much Aboriginal art being produced in hundreds of remote communities around Australia and by urban Aboriginal artists.

Supporting Aboriginal art has a secondary effect in supporting the language and culture of Indigenous families who chose to live in remote locations linked to their own ancestral lands.

These groups are the largest contributors to art works seen in galleries and museums around the country.

Art + Culture = A Brighter Future

Aboriginal art has brought about a revival of their culture in many ways. It has substantially knocked down barriers of prejudice and misunderstanding on the part of westerners.

Our admiration of Indigenous art and our readiness to pay for it has helped Aboriginal people financially and most importantly given them a place of respect, standing and greater confidence.

It has revitalised young Aboriginal's appreciation and understanding of their culture through the teachings of the elders through this medium. Westerners admire the outstanding beauty and meaning of Aboriginal art which has completely changed relationships between the people and has helped build stronger bridges of understanding.

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The story of Australian Aboriginal Art. If you are looking for a great overview of what Aboriginal Art is all about, click to visit us and read this in depth article now.

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Complete the QCM on Ecole Directe (cahier de texte)

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Watch the document three times without subtitles, in full length. Take a short break of 1 min in between each watch. Then, write a summary in french of your understanding. Attention: limited time of 20 minutes

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History of the Aboriginal Flag - Behind the News

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For more than a decade the Aboriginal flag has flown high and proud during the AFL's Indigenous Round. Yet, this weekend, it will be noticeably absent.

The sacred red, black and yellow first made its mark across AFL fields in 2005 at the first "Dreamtime at the G".

This year, however, the flag is embroiled in a copyright controversy with free use of the flag exclusively restricted to a non-Indigenous company called WAM Clothing.

A Free the Flag campaign lobbying against the copyright law was backed by Collingwood, publicly supporting the AFL's decision not to pay for use of the flag during this weekend's games.

The Torres Strait Islands flag, the name of the local Indigenous nation and the word "deadly" will be displayed on the fields instead.

The symbol that unites so many Aboriginal communities will also be omitted from the jumpers designed for the round.

Other AFL clubs have flocked to show their support.

"It is a big thing for our culture and that represents us," GWS young gun and Whadjuk-Ballardong Noongar man Ian "Bobby" Hill told 9News.

"Growing up you learn about the flag's meaning and why the colours are there."

Hill, who designed his team's jersey this year, says the cultural significance of the flag weighs heavily on him as an emblem of his childhood and heritage.

"If it was the other way around with the Australian flag, we'd be going about it the exact same way we're going with the Aboriginal flag."

Hill's mentor and mate, GWS superstar Zac Williams, is a proud Wiradjuri man.

Williams is "disappointed" by the copyright restrictions and has voiced his appreciation for the support the AFL has thrown behind the cause.

"Pretty much every team is supporting the Free The Flag campaign and everyone's been wearing t-shirts at training," he said.

"It's a great campaign and great initiative, and for everyone to get behind it and support it means hopefully next year it will be there.

"All Indigenous people are so proud of the flag and it's very disappointing that we have to pay to use it," Williams added.

Williams believes Indigenous Round is often just as special for the fans as it is for them.

"Whether you're non-Indigenous or Indigenous I think everyone sort of gets that we'll play some special footy," Williams said.

"I think the fans even love or look forward to this round just because they know they're going to see something special from each of the teams over the whole weekend."

Indigenous Australians Minister Ken Wyatt has encouraged fans to drape the Aboriginal flag around them when attending games over the weekend.

Discussions between the National Indigenous Australians Agency and WAM Clothing are currently taking place in a bid to solve the licensing issue.

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First time in over a decade the Aboriginal flag won't be at used the AFL's Indigenous Round

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For more than a decade the Aboriginal flag has flown high and proud during the AFL's Indigenous Round. Yet, this weekend, it will be noticeably absent. The sacred red, black and yellow first made its mark across AFL fields in 2005 at the first "Dreamtime at the G".

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In 2008 the AFL published The Australian Game of Football Since 1858 which examined the development and growth of the only game invented in Australia, its position within communities across every part of the country, and its great heroes and great moments.

That book covers all parts of the game across Australia, and it is not possible to be succinctly summarised here.

Pivotal moments in the early years of the game surround the names of William Hammersley, Tom Smith, James Thompson, Tom Wills and Jerry Bryant.

Wills publicly called for a game to keep cricketers fit during the winter of 1858, while on August 7 that same year, Melbourne Grammar began a 'football' contest against Scotch College that took three Saturdays to be concluded.

On May 17, 1859, Hammersley, Smith, Thompson and Wills, gathering at Bryant's Hotel in East Melbourne, wrote the 10 rules that formed the basis of what has become today's game. The original rules and the hand-written document can be accessed here.

Melbourne and Geelong, respectively founded in 1858 and 1859, are among the oldest continuous sporting clubs in the world, while many current clubs across Australia, be that at AFL, state league or local/country/regional level, date their history at 140+ years and more, as the new sport took hold in the colonies from the late 1850s onwards.

The first club was formed in South Australia in 1860 and the first club in Queensland by 1866.

From 1877, both the VFA (Victorian Football Association) and SAFA (South Australian Football Association) were operating as eight-team leagues, with the first inter-colony match played before the end of the 1870s.

The South Tasmania Football Association and the Queensland Football Association were both formed in 1879, the New South Wales Football Association in 1881 and the West Australian Football Association in 1885.

In 1896, VFA clubs Geelong, Essendon, Collingwood, Fitzroy, Melbourne and South Melbourne met to form the VFL as a break-away competition, with Carlton and St Kilda later invited to join for the new season the next year.

From 1897, Victoria operated with two senior leagues within the state, the newly-formed VFL and the continuing VFA.

The first national carnival of state leagues was held in 1908 and the game across Australia up to the late 1980s was primarily state-league focussed, with representative football between the senior leagues. National carnivals were usually held every 3-4 years and while nearly all senior leagues ceased for some period during WW1, quickly returned to full competition afterwards.

In 1982, VFL team South Melbourne relocated to a NSW base as the Sydney Swans, beginning a period of major change within the game and the first steps to the establishment of a national competition, away from the primacy of respective state leagues, wich remain in place now. From this time in the 1980s, the VFL competition increased in strength relative to other state leagues as leading players from around the country increasingly began to play in this competition, or join this competition for parts of their senior careers.

In 1987, further significant change occurred when the VFL competition moved to expand to 14 teams and include the West Coast Eagles and Brisbane Bears.

The VFL changed its name to the AFL in 1990, and further expansion followed in 1991 (Adelaide Crows), 1995 (Fremantle) and 1997 (Port Adelaide), coupled with a 1996 merger between the Brisbane Bears and Fitzroy, giving the competition two teams in each of WA and SA, and one team apiece in Qld and NSW.

A second wave of expansion in the second decade of this century, with the addition of the Gold Coast Suns and the GWS Giants, now sees the AFL with two teams in each mainland state.
>> Ever wondered what the first ever rules of Australian Football looked like? See the original handwritten document here.

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In 2008 the AFL published The Australian Game of Football Since 1858 which examined the development and growth of the only game invented in Australia, its position within communities across every part of the country, and its great heroes and great moments.

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CO: The ancient Aboriginal rock art of Arnhem Land

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CO: The ancient Aboriginal rock art of Arnhem Land

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BBC Four - Oceans Apart: Art and the Pacific with James Fox, Series 1, Australia, The ancient Aboriginal rock art of Arnhem Land

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James explores the extraordinary ancient Aboriginal rock art of Arnhem Land, Australia.

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- a very old text or document in which writing has been removed and covered or replaced by new writing.

- something such as a work of art that has many levels of meaning, types of style, etc. that build on each other.

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A) Listen twice and put the illustrations in the correct order.

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A) Listen twice and put the illustrations in the correct order.

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Listen to the story and put the illustrations in the correct order.

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To be LISTENED TO while doing the activity on LearningApps. (Without showing the images)

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To be LISTENED TO while doing the activity on LearningApps. (Without showing the images)

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B) Watch the YouTube video of the story. What lessons did Aboriginals want to teach their children, through  this famous story? Write your ideas in your copybook for 5 minutes, then share with the group.

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B) Watch the YouTube video of the story. What lessons did Aboriginals want to teach their children, through  this famous story? Write your ideas in your copybook for 5 minutes, then share with the group.

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5 to 10 minutes to complete the 5 activities.

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Warm-up about Aboriginal Art: Techniques and Symbols

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Do the following tasks from Task 1 to Task 6. Good luck!

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"special" > unique et non : spécial
"never-ending" > infini plutôt que : qui ne finit jamais
les temps du passé, le passé dans le passé, la chronologie des évènements.

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Translate it in your copybooks without using your iPad. You have 10 minutes.

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c) Discover this Sway.     Then, get in teams of 2 or 3 and divide the contents between the 2/3 of you, so that each student can focus on a part of this long document.                        Finally, get on Ecole Directe and do the MCQ entitled "Aboriginal Art Introduction"

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c) Discover this Sway.     Then, get in teams of 2 or 3 and divide the contents between the 2/3 of you, so that each student can focus on a part of this long document.                        Finally, get on Ecole Directe and do the MCQ entitled "Aboriginal Art Introduction"

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Dreaming is an approximate English translation of an Aboriginal concept, which has no equivalent in the English language. Groups each have their own words for this concept: for example the Pitjantjatj

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For this class, you will need to bring your own paintbrushes, a small pot to be filled with water, (pastels), paint, and Q-tips. Also choose and bring some drawing paper in the size / colour you need for your poster (A4 to A1 size).

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For this class, you will need to bring your own paintbrushes, a small pot to be filled with water, (pastels), paint, and Q-tips. Also choose and bring some drawing paper in the size / colour you need for your poster (A4 to A1 size).

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1) Choose a traditional story (see a few examples below). 

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1) Choose a traditional story (see a few examples below). 

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When you've made your choice, print your tale!

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A few examples of famous Dream Time stories

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A few examples of famous Dream Time stories

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- Tiddalick the Frog
- Why the Koala has a Stumpy Tail
- How the Kangaroos Got Their Tails
- How the Birds Got Their Colours
- How the Turtle got its shell
...

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2) Paint an aboriginal picture to illustrate the fundamental concept of “Dreaming” or “Dream-time” as expressed by this story. 

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2) Paint an aboriginal picture to illustrate the fundamental concept of “Dreaming” or “Dream-time” as expressed by this story. 

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3) Get ready to present it to the class.

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3) Get ready to present it to the class.

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a) Tell us the story. Say what Aboriginals wanted their kids to learn through this specific story. Tell us why you chose it.
b) Explain and justify your choices (colors, material, format, symbols and their positioning...)

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type of document: a documentary about ancient rock art.
Presented by an Aboriginal art specialist named James Fox.
It was shot in Inulac. Fox is studying a big rock on which there more than a thousand different paintings, one on top of the other. = a Palimpsest
So it's quite difficult to decipher what's going on. But it's clear we're looking at a "menagerie" of local animals:
- a long-necked turtle
- a giant rock python (4 meters long?)
- a kangaroo or a wallaby
- a black echidna or "porcupine"
- cockatoo feathers
- dozens of fish
These barramundi (= big fish in Australia and South East Asia) started being painted 8000 years ago, in a uniquely perceptive way. Internal organs are shown (x-ray style). More paintings of spirit figures, staring at him.
It's like a labyrinthian art gallery like nothing he has seen before.

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Read the article, and list the 4 things about Namatjira’s life which sparked your interest the most.
Share with your neighbour. Discuss and choose the 4 most noteworthy facts. Get in groups of 4 and discuss to vote for the 4 most noteworthy facts according to your group. Get ready to report.

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The Australian public was unhappy that one of its favourite artists was treated like a second-class citizen, unable to vote or own property, and Namatjira began to speak out, telling a local newspaper in 1952: "I think I should have full rights. I am 50 years old now and there are many things I would like to do and can't without citizenship rights."

In 1957 Albert Namatjira became the first Aboriginal person to be granted full Australian citizenship. As well as vote and build a house for his family, he could now legally drink alcohol, unlike his friends and relatives who came under the Welfare Ordinance.

A tragic event occurred when a young woman died at a party at Namatjira's camp at Morris Soak in Alice Springs; the acclaimed artist was later charged with supplying alcohol to an Aboriginal person - the victim's husband, one of the artist's relatives, had discovered a bottle of rum in Albert's car - and sentenced to six months at Papunya Native Reserve.

Douglas Lockwood, a journalist on Melbourne paper The Herald, remarked: 'In my 20 years experience... I have never witnessed a more deeply moving drama. Albert was a heartbroken old man, bewildered by events for which, so it was implied, he was to blame'.

Here was an Aboriginal man, an example of the government's assimilation policy in action, who was imprisoned for an activity - drinking with a relative - which was not a crime for any other Australian. Newspaper stories referred to a man 'caught between two civilisations', while the Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement wrote to editors pointing out that actually it was a case of a man trapped by laws which had to be changed.

Namatjira was reunited with his wife of 38 years after two months, but he had lost his desire to paint. In a sad turn of events, Albert had a heart attack in 1959, and died of heart disease complicated by pneumonia less than a year after his release. There were many expressions of shock from the public.

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BBC Arts - BBC Arts - How Australian outback artist Albert Namatjira found fame and became an icon for indigenous rights

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Albert Namatjira paved the way for an explosion in Indigenous Australian art.

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Ghost gums

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A) Watch this video: James Fox on the paintings of Albert Namatjira BBC 4

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A) Watch this video: James Fox on the paintings of Albert Namatjira BBC 4

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Oceans Apart: Art and the Pacific with James Fox, Series 1, Australia

Three key Namatjira watercolours, housed at the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra.

Oceans Apart: Art and the Pacific with James Fox

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James Fox on the paintings of Albert Namatjira

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Facebook pages that are allowed to edit FB preview titles and descriptions */ ?> Oceans Apart: Art and the Pacific with James Fox, Series 1, Australia Three key Namatjira watercolours, housed at the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra. Oceans Apart: Art and the Pacific with James Fox

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B) Work in pairs - Write down the expressions that an art critique can use to describe a painting. Create a personal Quizlet list with these phrases that might come in handy for the final task.

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B) Work in pairs - Write down the expressions that an art critique can use to describe a painting. Create a personal Quizlet list with these phrases that might come in handy for the final task.

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Terry Barrett’s guidelines for Art Criticism and Analysis

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Terry Barrett’s guidelines for Art Criticism and Analysis

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Full documentary by James Fox

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art and the pacific movie oceans apart - Bing video

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Top suggestions for art and the pacific movie oceans apart

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In groups of 4, make a mindmap of what one should think of, when describing and analysing any work of art.

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In groups of 4, make a mindmap of what one should think of, when describing and analysing any work of art.

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For a school exhibition on Aboriginal Art, each one of you will pick a piece of existing aboriginal art and describe it, analyse it, while explaining why you chose this one piece.

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For a school exhibition on Aboriginal Art, each one of you will pick a piece of existing aboriginal art and describe it, analyse it, while explaining why you chose this one piece.

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Record your voice and put it on the internet. Generate a QR code, that you will add as a thumbnail on your work of art. Print it and we’ll hang it in room 12.