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How does the amount of a substance added to the cabbage juice impact the pH of the result?

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1. Remove 1 layer of cabbage then rinse the cabbage under warm water for 1 minute to remove all chemicals

2. Set a pot of 9 cups of water to boil with a top to prevent steam from escaping

3. Shred the full cabbage until you have 5 cups of grated cabbage (⅓ of a large cabbage)

4. Move the shredded cabbage to a large bowl and when the water finishes boiling quickly pour it over the cabbage

5. Begin stirring slowly and do so for 1 minute, take a break for 5 minutes before returning to stir for one minute again with a 5-minute break, repeat 2 more times (24 minutes total) 1:5:1:5:1:5:1:26

6. 45 minutes after pouring the water onto the cabbage slowly pour the cabbage water mix into a strainer over another large bowl to remove the cabbage, whenever the strainer gets full pause, remove the cabbage, then continue you should end up with about 9 cups of cabbage water

7. Do the following two times for each substance and make sure to rinse the cups, measuring utensils and spoons between each experiment

1. Separate ½ cup of cabbage juice into 3 cups 1 to act as your dependent variable for the entire experiment and 2 that will be combined with the first substance: Orange Juice.

2. Measure out ½ tsp of orange juice and add it to the first cup then measure out 1 tbsp of orange juice and add it to the third cup. Stir both for 10 seconds then record the colors in the table

3. Empty the two cups orange juice was added to an wash them

4. Refill the two emptied cups with ½ cup of cabbage juice and repeat step b

5. Empty the two independent variable cups (cups the substance was added to) and wash the cups, measuring utensils and spoon

6. Refill the two emptied cups with ½ cup of cabbage juice and move on to the milk before doing the detergent by repeating steps b through e for the relevant substances and filling out your table

8. When finished clean up the experiment

9. Recreate your table but replace the color descriptions with pH values as outlined in the conversion table

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In this experiment, I sought to learn if the quantity of a substance I added to a pH identifier would affect the reported pH and I hypothesized that the pH would change in response to the dose’s size and as the dose increased it would move towards the pH of the raw substance. The data I collected does seem to support the first part of my thesis that the quantity of an added substance would impact the pH as the pH did change based on the quantity of the substance added in 4 of my tests. Additionally, it is only logical, and as can be seen in the images the amount of an added substance impacts, not just the pH but also the fogginess and clarity of the cabbage juice. The data does not, however, seem to support the second part of my hypothesis that as the quantity increased the pH would move towards the pH of the raw substance. This trend is exhibited in the orange juice tests but is contradicted by the milk tests and the mild detergent tests were inconclusive on this front. As such without support for the latter part of my hypothesis, I must say there is likely no correlation. My latter conclusion makes less sense as increasing the percentage of substance to cabbage juice should have made the combined liquid’s pH closer to the substance as the preparations changed in favor of the substance.

This leads me to my experiment’s limitations as it seems that I did get correct readings considering the ones I received were exactly the same in both trials. It must be realized though, that this experiment relies on the measure of colors and as such is open to human fallibilities as well as human judgment. Additionally the conversion chart that aids in changing the colors to numbers could be more specific and help in the process of correct reporting of all data. However, based on my knowledge of acids and bases my results generally make sense, because you are introducing more atoms to bond with as you increase the amount of a substance you add the reaction will appear differently and thus impact the color expressed.

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I would love to just collect more data from the same experiment, to do it more times, I was limited by what is feasible as I created 9 cups of cabbage water in my kitchen and the full experiment took about 2 hours. However, more data from the same experiment would offer more proof that would further solidify my conclusions and perhaps prove the latter part of my hypothesis correct. Additionally, if I could I might try it again with much smaller doses as I believe the dose size (especially in the case of the detergent) was too large and therefore did not show the range that I expected. Based on my experiment and the data I received I would like to know: does the amount of substance added to an indicator makes the pH it expresses closer or further to the pH the substances has alone? Finally, I would also like to know: would the experiment would have the same results with water and substances added to it, measured with litmus paper.

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Color/pH will change as the quantity of the additive increase because the ratio of cabbage water to the substance will change in favor of the substance, moving the overall pH closer to that of the added substance.

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In every test with every substance the pH of the cabbage juice changed with the addition of the test substance, moving towards the natural pH of the added substance. Additionally the two sets of trials for each of the substances had the exact same outcome, with no deviation or differences in the results whatsoever. More specifically in ⅔ of the tests, namely the orange juice and milk tests, the pH of the substance changed between the ½ tsp tests and the 1 tbsp test. It should be noted that the trials for the mild detergent did not follow this pattern and the pH of the two doses was exactly the same, making it an outlier. In the tests for the orange juice the pH of the different quantities of substance did trend towards the pH of the substance on its own but this occurrence was not replicated in the milk trail where the ½ tsp dose had the pH of milk and the 1 tbsp did not and in the mild detergent where both tests had the same pH.

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1 - Small red cabbage (you will need 5 cups of shredded cabbage)

A continuous source of water

Exactly 1 tsp and 2 tbsp of each of the following is needed but it is advised to have at least 3 tbsp

Tropicana no pulp orange juice

Unflavored milk

Gentle liquid laundry detergent

2 - At least 12 cup bowls (larger is better)

1 - 9 cup pot for boiling water with a top

1 - Household grater

1 - Measuring cup (the larger the better)

1 - Timer (any is acceptable)

1 - Whisk (any stirring utensil is acceptable)

3 - Glasses (clear is preferable)

1 - ½ tsp measuring utensil

1 - 1 tbsp measuring utensil

13 - Post-its (grab a stack)

1 - Writing utensil

Relevant tables and a camera if you want it