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1. The root cause of the conflict was then planted.
2. Over three decades ago, the end of the Cold War brought sunshine back to the globe, East Asia included.
3. It has been over a month since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine began.
4. Developed countries that have a low percentage of farmers and produce enough food for their population show what can be achieved.

Link :
No 1-3 : https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/05/what-east-asia-can-learn-from-the-crisis-in-ukraine.html
No 4 :
https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/04/farming-smarter-tackling-the-decline-in-indonesian-farming.html

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1. To this day, however, the Brisbane commitment has not been followed up by a clear strategy and implementation mechanism.
2. UN Women indicates that women are the most affected by COVID-19
3. women are often not granted proper worker’s rights, such as leave, health insurance or work safety insurance, as these safety nets frequently depend on formal participation in the labour force.
4.Indonesia has signalled its intention to advocate inclusive economic growth by prioritising the role of women – along with young people and small businesses.
5. The International Trade Centre survey on COVID-19 impact among businesses in 136 countries has shown that women-led micro-enterprises are 27% more likely not to survive the pandemic, which might be caused by multiple unpaid care responsibilities.

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/05/put-women-at-the-heart-of-global-economic-recovery-indonesias-task-at-the-g20-summit.html

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1) They have unambiguously relayed Moscow’s argument that it was the US and NATO’s security pressures on Russia that compelled the latter to initiate this military operation against Ukraine.

2) we have seen very heated and very polarized debates on Russia’s military raid in Ukraine.

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/03/divided-public-opinions-in-chinese-social-media-over-the-ukraine-crisis.html.

3) The third foreign ministers' meeting of the neighboring countries of Afghanistan was held in Tunxi

4) the US$7 billion of assets deposited in America by the Afghan central bank, refusing to return them to the Afghan interim government.

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/04/with-afghanistan-at-a-crossroads-china-lends-a-helping-hand.html.

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/opinion?fbclid=IwAR1tHbCce6Hb0gFUAj4j7NNdLHpZ6tN7_yhQwyfjjToQzOvzy0YKPqu19nc

1. To this day, however, the Brisbane commitment has not been followed up by a clear strategy and implementation mechanism.
2. women are often not granted proper worker’s rights.
3. As the G20 host, Indonesia is positioned to drive world leaders to achieve inclusive economic recovery.
4. The International Trade Centre survey on COVID-19 impact among businesses in 136 countries has shown that women-led micro-enterprises are 27% more likely not to survive the pandemic, which might be caused by multiple unpaid care.
5. Despite their immense economic contribution, women are often not granted proper worker’s rights, such as leave, health insurance or work safety insurance, as these safety nets frequently depend on formal participation in the labour force.

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Put women at the heart of global economic recovery: Indonesia’s task at the G20 summit

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Studies have shown that closing the gender gap has positive impacts on the welfare of society. Research by Women World Banking in 2021 illustrates how economic welfare not only depends on income and infrastructure, but also gender equali

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/06/unnecessary-distraction.html

President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s second term has been  the most challenging period for the presidency in post-authoritarian Indonesia.

The nation is working to weather the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian war

President Jokowi is finally calling on the public to stop debating the highly controversial proposal to extend his term beyond its constitutionally mandated end date in 2024,

Indonesians are now feeling the pinch of the energy crisis caused by the Ukraine war, with state oil company Pertamina raising the prices of non-subsidized fuels Pertamax Turbo, Dexlite and Pertamina Dex.

Jokowi’s ministers, for example, failed to take the appropriate action after a group of village heads gathering in Jakarta chanted

The President should know that such political maneuvering is exactly why the controversy has remained a stubborn a distraction for the nation during a confluence of crises

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President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo's second term has been the most challenging period for the presidency in post-authoritarian Indonesia.

The nation is working to weather the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian war, which has sparked fears of a third world war, while also taking the helm of the Group of 20, an elite economic forum that has become an arena of global power struggle over the first war in Europe in decades.

So it makes perfect sense that President Jokowi is finally calling on the public to stop debating the highly controversial proposal to extend his term beyond its constitutionally mandated end date in 2024, an idea that was, unfortunately, advanced by members of his own ruling coalition.

Indonesians are now feeling the pinch of the energy crisis caused by the Ukraine war, with state oil company Pertamina raising the prices of non-subsidized fuels Pertamax Turbo, Dexlite and Pertamina Dex. The government is also expected to increase the subsidized prices of Pertalite-brand gasoline and 3-kilogram canisters of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which are intended for those in lower income brackets.

The government should, therefore, focus on addressing these ongoing crises rather than wallowing in the term extension debate and toying with a clear contradiction of the Constitution and of the post- reformasi spirit of democratic norms.

It is deeply disappointing that Jokowi stopped short of saying he downright rejected the idea of postponing the 2024 elections or extending his tenure in office. That said, his statement was clear: The controversy must be ended once and for all.

This instruction should apply equally to his own political allies who have either openly called for an extension of his presidential term or flirted with the idea by normalizing the unconstitutional proposal.

Jokowi's ministers, for example, failed to take the appropriate action after a group of village heads gathering in Jakarta chanted "Jokowi third term", sparking speculation that the event had been orchestrated to fabricate a narrative of grassroots support for the idea - the same method the New Order regime used to "reelect" president Soeharto six straight times. When asked about the incident, Home Minister Tito Karnavian played it down, saying the Constitution was not a "holy scripture" that was beyond amendment.

Previously, Coordinating Maritime Affairs and Investment Minister Luhut B. Pandjaitan claimed to have "big data" analysis showing that most Indonesians were in favor of delaying the 2024 elections. But the minister has yet to disclose the purported data, the findings of which go against those of credible pollsters.

The President should know that such political maneuvering is exactly why the controversy has remained a stubborn a distraction for the nation during a confluence of crises.

Again, we call on the President to explicitly reject this indecent proposal and bar his ministers from working to advance the agenda, let alone mobilizing others to do it for them.

A firm stance from Jokowi matters because it would not only protect our cherished democracy but would also allow the nation to avoid, at a time critical for its future, an unnecessary and distracting political circus.

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President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo's second term has been the most challenging period for the presidency in post-authoritarian Indonesia. The nation is working to weather the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian war, which has sparked fears of a third world war, while also taking the helm of the Group of 20, an elite economic forum that has become an arena of global power struggle over the first war in Europe in decades.

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/04/farming-smarter-tackling-the-decline-in-indonesian-farming.html

In 1976, 65.8 percent of workers were employed in the agricultural sector.
farmers are not being treated fairly in food production’s long supply chain.

Declining worker numbers have not been compensated for by sufficient technology and quality improvements in the sector.
Farmers bear a high risk for a long time, but they receive the least profit compared to others in the distribution chain to consumers

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By 2063 there will be no professional farmers in Indonesia, according to the country's National Development Planning Agency. Young people are not joining the industry, farming is becoming more expensive, and farmers are not being treated fairly in food production's long supply chain.

More than a third (37 percent according to one study) of Indonesian farmers are more than 54 years old. By contrast, only 10 percent of farmers are aged between 25 and 34. As farmers retire, fewer and fewer young farmers are taking their place.

In 1976, 65.8 percent of workers were employed in the agricultural sector, but by 2019 that number had dropped to only 28 percent. Declining worker numbers have not been compensated for by sufficient technology and quality improvements in the sector.

This labour shortage will have a direct impact on the agricultural production process and in turn will affect the volume and quality of agricultural products. The difficulty of finding workers, especially for food agriculture, results in higher labour costs. As farming becomes more expensive, more and more farmers will sell their land and a trend of land conversion will emerge.

Food sufficiency is the greatest concern amid this growing problem. A country's domestic production supports its food sufficiency so that it does not depend on supplies from other countries. When the number of farmers is drastically reduced, the country must turn to external producers, which have their own priorities and may not be reliable. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic many food-producing countries were reluctant to export their food because their focus was their own domestic supply.

According to 2015 by the People's Coalition for Food Sovereignty and IPB University, young people think being a farmer is not profitable. They also believe the challenges of farming are increasing and the risk of failure is growing.

The government has an important role here as policymaker. One reason for farmers' low income is lack of fair trade in agriculture. Farmers bear a high risk for a long time, but they receive the least profit compared to others in the distribution chain to consumers.

Government policies that provide special incentives to young farmers will help change young people's perception of farming. Improving access to agricultural land and credit, expanding networks and information, and strengthening the capacity of young farmers will demonstrate that farming can be a profitable and interesting agribusiness.

Young people also consider that working in the agricultural sector is physically demanding. Technology is the best chance of addressing the problem, so agricultural universities and research institutions are well advised to make the development of agricultural technology a high priority. On the production side, this technology would facilitate the physical work carried out on the land and improve efficiency, cutting production costs and increasing profit margins.

The agricultural-development paradigm treats farmers as objects. Policies are results oriented and do not consider the impact on farmers. Farmers play a key role in food production, so their empowerment is vital.

Empowerment of farmers that includes building and increasing technical competence, participation and access to resources is a crucial aspect of agricultural development. If farmers do not have sufficient capacity to use technology, then technology is worthless, regardless of how sophisticated it is. Empowered farmers will become agile farmers, able to adapt to rapid changes in climate as well as changes in social, trade and political life.

Civil society and farmers associations do important work to empower farmers, but they need the support of the government to have a big impact.

A workforce shift from agriculture to other sectors will not endanger food security if it is compensated for by two factors: significant improvement of farmers' skills and application of appropriate technology. Developed countries that have a low percentage of farmers and produce enough food for their population show what can be achieved.

The government can support the food management system to become more amid changing circumstances so farmers get a fair reward for their work.

Government policy can also ensure agricultural industry players collaborate with farmers. It can support a system for the utilisation and development of technology that promotes the health of the industry and farmers' welfare.

Farmers' knowledge is the backbone of agricultural development in Indonesia. With government support, enhanced technology and the assistance of farmer organisations, coming generations of Indonesian farmers can become fully empowered to navigate future challenges.

---

The writer is head of Gerakan Petani Nusantara, a nation-wide farmers organisation in Indonesia, and Vice Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture at IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. His work focuses on integrated pest management and farmers' empowerment.

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Farming smarter: tackling the decline in Indonesian farming

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By 2063 there will be no professional farmers in Indonesia, according to the country's National Development Planning Agency . Young people are not joining the industry, farming is becoming more expensive, and farmers are not being treated fairly in food production's long supply chain.

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http://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/03/29/thai-government-responds.html
1. In fact, the five-point consensus mirrors Thailand’s own “D4D” proposal submitted to the ASEAN leaders’ meeting in Jakarta in April 2021.
2. Therefore, to say that the Thai prime minister “disliked the initiative” could not be further from the truth.
3. For example, prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra was in fact removed from office in 2014
4. overgeneralizations and sensational misrepresentations contained in this article.

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1. The efforts have been widely recognized by the international community.

2. And China presided over the meeting on the "China-US-Russia plus" consultation mechanism on Afghanistan.

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/04/with-afghanistan-at-a-crossroads-china-lends-a-helping-hand.html.

3. Too often, there are reports of torture, ill treatment and coerced confession.

4.  On March 30, Singapore executed Abdul Kahar bin Othman, a local man sentenced to death for drug offenses and the first person to be executed in Singapore in since 2019.

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/04/death-penalty-for-drugs-will-2022-signal-sea-change-in-asean.html.

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Anita <3

*Jokowi has been able to push almost all his policies
*Jokowi would use some of this political capital to push for other unpopular but necessary policies
*ensures that no one holds sway against him, and instead it gives him the luxury of playing one party against another to sustain their support.
*President gave a somewhat unconvincing answer in saying that he “would abide by the constitution”

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Irrespective of what happens in 2024, the current talk about extending President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo's term beyond the constitutional limit has had one major impact: Whether by design or not is anybody's guess, but Jokowi has not become the lame duck that a final-term president is normally expected to be.

More than half-way through the second and last term of his presidency, Jokowi has defied all pundits' predictions about him becoming a dysfunctional president, as we saw happen to his predecessor Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in (2004-2014). Another good comparison would be with United States presidents, and the case of Barrack Obama (2009-2017) is very telling of how he struggled with his legislative agenda in the second term.

None of that is happening to Jokowi and in fact, today he is still very much in charge of the nation, if not more so than when he took his second oath of office in October 2019.

For one, he is still in command of the seven-party coalition government, even though unlike all presidents before him, he does not chair any of them and has had to negotiate every step of the way to ensure their support. He is still very much the country's commander-in-chief, with both the Indonesian Military (TNI) and the National Police giving their unswerving and loyal support.

As if this was not enough, independent polls show the President is still very popular, an enviable position for any second-term president in a democracy. In spite of the COVID-19 pandemic, including some early policy blunders, and a severe economic recession, his approval ratings have never fallen below 60 percent, according to most surveys.

What this means is that, with so much political capital in his hands, Jokowi has been able to push almost all his policies, including his legislative agenda, with little obstruction.

In 2020, he got the House of Representatives to endorse the controversial omnibus Job Creation Law in spite of widespread opposition from labor and civil society groups. In February, he got the House to endorse the bill on the National Capital City allowing him to forge ahead with his plan to build a new city in East Kalimantan to become the Indonesia's new capital city.

Many had dismissed the new capital project, which will take more than two decades to complete, as too costly and unfeasible, and predicted that the President would have to abandon it as soon as his political support waned. That of course is not happening.

One would just wish that Jokowi would use some of this political capital to push for other unpopular but necessary policies, such as phasing out the costly fuel subsidy program.

With just a little under two years before the next general elections, there are no indications of Jokowi losing his grip on power, to the frustration of some of his detractors, including some of the parties in the coalition government.

In normal times, these parties would be preparing for the 2024 elections and would be prepared to abandon the President or depart from his policies if they had to.

Having seven parties in the coalition, including the three biggest ones in the country - the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Golkar and Gerindra - ensures that no one holds sway against him, and instead it gives him the luxury of playing one party against another to sustain their support. Given his strong popularity, these parties know better than to be seen fighting the President in the open.

One explanation for his staying power is the current discourse about Jokowi ruling beyond 2024, even though this would go against the constitution, which sets a maximum of two consecutive term limits for a president.

The same polling agencies that give him high approval ratings say there is little support for Jokowi to stay in power beyond 2024.

Jokowi has repeatedly denied he would go for a third term, and has described those who are pushing the idea as "giving him a slap on the face" and "setting a trap for him". But in the latest comment this month, as the discourse shifted from serving a third term to postponing the 2024 elections and therefore extending his rule, the President gave a somewhat unconvincing answer in saying that he "would abide by the constitution", knowing that the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) may open a debate on amending the constitution this year.

In spite of his repeated denials, the discourse about him staying beyond 2024 stubbornly refuses to go away, kept alive by people close to him. Whether they are acting on his behalf or out of their own interests is anybody's guess.

Last month, Maritime and Investment Coordinating Minister Luhut Pandjaitan said he had "big data" of social media users to show that the majority of people wanted Jokowi to stay. At the same time, three parties in the coalition, including Golkar, came out in the open to claim that this was the aspiration of the people.

This week, a massive gathering of all village heads in the country at the Senayan Sports Hall in Jakarta heard calls for Jokowi to serve a third term. A campaign is under way to mobilize public support to push the MPR to open the constitutional amendment debate.

Critics say the discourse on extending Jokowi's rule is unnecessarily sapping the nation's time and energy. Jokowi may rightly beg to differ. Without the prospect of him staying beyond 2024, he would surely have become a lame duck president by now and not be able to govern effectively.

Maybe it has not been such a waste of time after all.

***
The writer is senior editor at The Jakarta Post

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Talk of extension keeps Jokowi from becoming lame-duck president

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Irrespective of what happens in 2024, the current talk about extending President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo's term beyond the constitutional limit has had one major impact: Whether by design or not is anybody's guess, but Jokowi has not become the lame duck that a final-term president is normally expected to be.

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1. To access this link https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/opinion
2. For those of you from 11 IPS - shift B, you may share your findings by commenting this post (Bagi yang dari 11 IPS - shift B, silahkan bagikan hasil penemuanmu dengan memberikan komentar di post ini)
3. Don't forget to attach the link of your news article (Jangan lupa untuk memberikan link dari artikel beritamu)

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1. Justify their claim that the people wanted the 2024 elections to be delayed

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/04/death-penalty-for-drugs-will-2022-signal-sea-change-in-asean.html

2. The imposition of these death sentences ia shrouded in secrecy
3. For a staggering 91,5 percent of all confirmed death
4. The first person to be executed in Singapore in since 2019

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/05/put-women-at-the-heart-of-global-economic-recovery-indonesias-task-at-the-g20-summit.html
1. Indonesia has signalled its intention to advocate inclusive economic growth by prioritising the role of women

2. The gap between men and women’s economic participation has widened during the pandemic.

3. ... which might be caused by multiple unpaid care responsibilities.

4. Divided public opinions in Chinese social media over the Ukraine crisis

5. ... that women are the most affected by COVID-19

6. low-skilled, and involving unpaid care.

7. Indonesia is positioned to drive world leaders to achieve inclusive economic recovery

8. ... women are often not granted proper worker’s rights

https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/03/divided-public-opinions-in-chinese-social-media-over-the-ukraine-crisis.html
1. The United States

2. Beijing has faced criticism for its failure in not explicitly condemning Russia’s blatant use of force

3. ... its allies are also very concerned about the possibility that China may provide assistance to Russia in the war

4. Chinese official media has played in helping promote

6. Chinese media outlets have indeed parroted a significant amount

7. should the outside world be less worried about Chinese media’s facilitating role

8. ...  their own instead of being completely influenced by the narratives of mainstream media

9. .... according to which most Chinese are supposed

10. ... things that are related to their daily life

11. Many of them were concerned

12. ... the pacifists also warned

13. ... who openly denounced the military actions of Russia as well as the hawks

14. It cannot be denied

15. ... the hawkish justified

16. ... it is a reasonable choice for the cornered power

17. ... as had been warned by realist international relations theorists

18. ... which the hawkish opinion leaders claimed to be backed by the United States and the West.

19. ... ranging from the alleged NATO promise not to expand eastwards after the Soviet Union dissolved

20. Most of them referred to various Russian perspectives to support their arguments

21. Those who were branded as the “hawkish” expressed their understanding of Russia’s action.

22. ... condemned Russia and marked the war as an invasion.

23. ...  justified the attack as a defensive action on the part of Russia.

24. The “hawkish” online activists basically supported Russia’s war effort

25. Two competing views have emerged

26. ... exploded very quickly

27. ... we have seen very heated and very polarized debates on Russia’s military raid

28. While many Chinese people have demonstrated clear pro-Russia attitudes and echoed Beijing’s official position

29. ... showed their support to the Ukrainians.
30. ...numerous other Chinese netizens have unequivocally denounced Moscow’s aggression

31. ... most Chinese netizens were caught unprepared and surprised.

32. When the first wave of reports about the war arrived

32. This assumption has turned out to be not entirely true.

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Grade 11 MIPA - Shift B- Firdaus Mendrofa

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Grade 11 MIPA - Shift B- Firdaus Mendrofa

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1. https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/opinion
2. - To this day, however, the Brisbane commitment has not been followed up by a clear strategy and implementation mechanism.
- UN Women indicates that women are the most affected by COVID-19 and their incomes also take longer to recover in the long term due to the nature of their work – informal, low-skilled, and involving unpaid care
-The International Trade Centre survey on COVID-19 impact among businesses in 136 countries has shown that women-led micro-enterprises are 27% more likely not to survive the pandemic, which might be caused by multiple unpaid care responsibilities.
-Despite their immense economic contribution, women are often not granted proper worker’s rights, such as leave, health insurance or work safety insurance, as these safety nets frequently depend on formal participation in the labour force.
3. https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/05/put-women-at-the-heart-of-global-economic-recovery-indonesias-task-at-the-g20-summit.html

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Studies have shown that closing the gender gap has positive impacts on the welfare of society. Research by Women World Banking in 2021 illustrates how economic welfare not only depends on income and infrastructure, but also gender equality.

However, the G20 - a group of countries representing 85% of the world economy - has yet to focus on solving women's barriers to participating and benefiting from the economy.

For instance, among the many meetings of the G20, only the one held in Brisbane, Australia, in 2014 resulted in a concrete commitment to improve women's economic status. To this day, however, the Brisbane commitment has not been followed up by a clear strategy and implementation mechanism.

Indonesia hosts the G20 summit this year.

Considering its role, Indonesia can direct the G20 countries's response to COVID-19 and promote women's issues in the global policy agenda. Indonesia has signalled its intention to advocate inclusive economic growth by prioritising the role of women - along with young people and small businesses.
Solutions from Indonesia
Giving priority to the role of women is the right decision.

UN Women indicates that women are the most affected by COVID-19 and their incomes also take longer to recover in the long term due to the nature of their work - informal, low-skilled, and involving unpaid care. The decline in gender equality in 2021 indicates this prediction may have come true. The gap between men and women's economic participation has widened during the pandemic.

With a lot of research showing women's lives are changing due to COVID-19, global leaders need to take priority measures to accompany the immediate response and longer-term recovery efforts for women.

Among all priority measures, three groups of women should be on the top target.

The first group is women in micro-enterprises.

Seven out of 10 workers in the world are part of micro-businesses. Data from 99 countries show micro-enterprises account for 70% of all jobs.

World Bank data indicate that women own 23% of micro and small enterprises, and the figure rises each year.

However, women earn less than men for the same type of job. The International Trade Centre survey on COVID-19 impact among businesses in 136 countries has shown that women-led micro-enterprises are 27% more likely not to survive the pandemic, which might be caused by multiple unpaid care responsibilities.

The second group is women in the informal sector.

Over 62% of jobs in 99 countries are based in the informal sector. The percentage of women in this sector is also very substantial. For example, more than 80% of women working outside the agriculture sector in South Asia make a living as informal workers. The situation is similar in Sub-Saharan Africa (74%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (54%).

Despite their immense economic contribution, women are often not granted proper worker's rights, such as leave, health insurance or work safety insurance, as these safety nets frequently depend on formal participation in the labour force.

Women who live in rural areas are the third group.

More than three-quarters of the world's extreme poor live in rural areas.

Data show girls and women are more likely to live in poor households in rural areas, compared to boys and men. Poor infrastructure in rural areas, such as access to financial services, makes it more difficult for women to participate and benefit from the economy.
Put women as the beneficiary of global economic recovery
As the global community continues to move forward to achieve inclusive economic growth, it is time for global policies to focus on placing women as the beneficiary, especially when it comes to policies regarding COVID-19 recovery.

As the G20 host, Indonesia is positioned to drive world leaders to achieve inclusive economic recovery. Indonesia can achieve this, for instance, by detailing the Brisbane commitment into detail plan and action in the two of G20's main policy tracks: finance track and sherpa track. This will be a concrete step in achieving inclusive global economic recovery.

---

The writer is a Post Graduate Researcher at School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, University of Birmingham

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Put women at the heart of global economic recovery: Indonesia's task at the G20 summit

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Studies have shown that closing the gender gap has positive impacts on the welfare of society. Research by Women World Banking in 2021 illustrates how economic welfare not only depends on income and infrastructure, but also gender equality.

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/03/14/why-india-abstained-when-the-world-condemned-russia.html

1.  India has a steadfast relationship with Russia based on long-term strategic partnership.

2. New diversified acquisitions of weaponry from France and the United States have not led to domestic production.

3. Russia is not named in the statements and the vote is an abstention, not voting with Russia or against it.

4. The principles on which India has criticized Russia included attacking others sovereign territory, using force to settle disputes and violating the UN Charter.

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1. It has been over a month since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine began.
2. The situation in Ukraine shall never be allowed in our region.
Link 1-2:
https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/05/what-east-asia-can-learn-from-the-crisis-in-ukraine.html.

3. that women are the most affected by COVID-19 and their incomes also take longer to recover in the long term due to the nature of their work – informal, low-skilled, and involving unpaid care.
4. As the G20 host, Indonesia is positioned to drive world leaders to achieve inclusive economic recovery
5. The International Trade Centre survey on COVID-19 impact among businesses in 136 countries has shown that women-led micro-enterprises are 27% more likely not to survive the pandemic, which might be caused by multiple unpaid care responsibilities.
Link 3-5:
\https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/04/05/put-women-at-the-heart-of-global-economic-recovery-indonesias-task-at-the-g20-summit.html.