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Turkey is one of the most migration-receiving countries.

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Turkey is one of the most migration-receiving countries.

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internal migration
external migration
emigration
immigration
return migration
seasonal migration

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Illegal immigrants are people who enter other countries without any legal documentation. 

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Illegal immigrants are people who enter other countries without any legal documentation. 

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People leave their countries for many reasons such as war, starvation, or in the pursiut of better life and human rights.

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People leave their countries for many reasons such as war, starvation, or in the pursiut of better life and human rights.

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Lots of Mexicans are migrating to US which causes political problems between these countries.

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Lots of Mexicans are migrating to US which causes political problems between these countries.

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A lot of emigrants die or go missing while migrating illegally 

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A lot of emigrants die or go missing while migrating illegally 

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When migrants leave their country they usually face with culture shock.

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When migrants leave their country they usually face with culture shock.

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Which country has the most immigrant ratio?

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Which country has the most immigrant ratio?

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It is highly possible for the people of the receiving country to not embrace /accept immigrants. 

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It is highly possible for the people of the receiving country to not embrace /accept immigrants. 

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Generally immigrants are paid lower salaries and work in hard conditions 

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Generally immigrants are paid lower salaries and work in hard conditions 

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Sometimes people migrate to another country for scientific purposes just like Einstein.

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Sometimes people migrate to another country for scientific purposes just like Einstein.

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Where can most immigrants go to in Europe?

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Where can most immigrants go to in Europe?

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Some countries have better life condition than other countries.

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Some countries have better life condition than other countries.

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There are internal and international migrations 

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There are internal and international migrations 

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Which US state has the highest number of immigrants?

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Which US state has the highest number of immigrants?

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Push factors are the causes that make/force people abandon their homes. However, pull factors are the reasons or opportunities that make people willingly move to another district.

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Push factors are the causes that make/force people abandon their homes. However, pull factors are the reasons or opportunities that make people willingly move to another district.

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Turkey has the most refugees with 3.7 million people.

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Turkey has the most refugees with 3.7 million people.

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In Europe, Germany, Austria and the UK have the most number of immigrants. 

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In Europe, Germany, Austria and the UK have the most number of immigrants. 

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Which European countries attract the most immigrants?

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The free movement of people accord is in the line of fire as Europe battles with its migration crisis. But which European countries have more people leaving than arriving? We took a look at the data.

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How do immigrants affect the economy of the countries that they go?

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How do immigrants affect the economy of the countries that they go?

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What kind of jobs do most immigrants do in the countries they migrate to?

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What kind of jobs do most immigrants do in the countries they migrate to?

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When did the biggest migration of humanity occur?

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When did the biggest migration of humanity occur?

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What is the difference between an emigrant and an immigrant?

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What is the difference between an emigrant and an immigrant?

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What is the earliest record of migration? 

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What is the earliest record of migration? 

# data[].attributes.headline
 How is migrant smuggling different from human trafficking?

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 How is migrant smuggling different from human trafficking?

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What happens if the illegal migrants in the us get caught?

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What happens if the illegal migrants in the us get caught?

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In Us, California has the highest number of immigrants. 

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In Us, California has the highest number of immigrants. 

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The United States has more immigrants than any other country in the world. Today, more than 40 million people living in the U.S. were born in another country, accounting for about one-fifth of the world's migrants. The population of immigrants is also very diverse, with just about every country in the world represented among U.S. immigrants.

Pew Research Center regularly publishes statistical portraits of the nation's foreign-born population, which include historical trends since 1960. Based on these portraits, here are answers to some key questions about the U.S. immigrant population.

How many people in the U.S. are immigrants?

The U.S. foreign-born population reached a record 44.8 million in 2018. Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. Immigrants today account for 13.7% of the U.S. population, nearly triple the share (4.8%) in 1970. However, today's immigrant share remains below the record 14.8% share in 1890, when 9.2 million immigrants lived in the U.S.

What is the legal status of immigrants in the U.S.?

Most immigrants (77%) are in the country legally, while almost a quarter are unauthorized, according to new Pew Research Center estimates based on census data adjusted for undercount. In 2017, 45% were naturalized U.S. citizens.

Some 27% of immigrants were permanent residents and 5% were temporary residents in 2017. Another 23% of all immigrants were unauthorized immigrants. From 1990 to 2007, the unauthorized immigrant population more than tripled in size - from 3.5 million to a record high of 12.2 million in 2007. By 2017, that number had declined by 1.7 million, or 14%. There were 10.5 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. in 2017, accounting for 3.2% of the nation's population.

The decline in the unauthorized immigrant population is due largely to a fall in the number from Mexico - the single largest group of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. Between 2007 and 2017, this group decreased by 2 million. Meanwhile, there was a rise in the number from Central America and Asia.

Do all lawful immigrants choose to become U.S. citizens?

Not all lawful permanent residents choose to pursue U.S. citizenship. Those who wish to do so may apply after meeting certain requirements, including having lived in the U.S. for five years. In fiscal year 2019, about 800,000 immigrants applied for naturalization. The number of naturalization applications has climbed in recent years, though the annual totals remain below the 1.4 million applications filed in 2007.

Generally, most immigrants eligible for naturalization apply to become citizens. However, Mexican lawful immigrants have the lowest naturalization rate overall. Language and personal barriers, lack of interest and financial barriers are among the top reasons for choosing not to naturalize cited by Mexican-born green card holders, according to a 2015 Pew Research Center survey.

Where do immigrants come from?

Mexico is the top origin country of the U.S. immigrant population. In 2018, roughly 11.2 million immigrants living in the U.S. were from there, accounting for 25% of all U.S. immigrants. The next largest origin groups were those from China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (4%) and El Salvador (3%).

By region of birth, immigrants from Asia combined accounted for 28% of all immigrants, close to the share of immigrants from Mexico (25%). Other regions make up smaller shares: Europe, Canada and other North America (13%), the Caribbean (10%), Central America (8%), South America (7%), the Middle East and North Africa (4%) and sub-Saharan Africa (5%).

Who is arriving today?

More than 1 million immigrants arrive in the U.S. each year. In 2018, the top country of origin for new immigrants coming into the U.S. was China, with 149,000 people, followed by India (129,000), Mexico (120,000) and the Philippines (46,000).

By race and ethnicity, more Asian immigrants than Hispanic immigrants have arrived in the U.S. in most years since 2009. Immigration from Latin America slowed following the Great Recession, particularly for Mexico, which has seen both decreasing flows into the United States and large flows back to Mexico in recent years.

Asians are projected to become the largest immigrant group in the U.S. by 2055, surpassing Hispanics. Pew Research Center estimates indicate that in 2065, those who identify as Asian will make up some 38% of all immigrants; as Hispanic, 31%; White, 20%; and Black, 9%.

Is the immigrant population growing?

New immigrant arrivals have fallen, mainly due to a decrease in the number of unauthorized immigrants coming to the U.S. The drop in the unauthorized immigrant population can primarily be attributed to more Mexican immigrants leaving the U.S. than coming in.

Looking forward, immigrants and their descendants are projected to account for 88% of U.S. population growth through 2065, assuming current immigration trends continue. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the country's population. In 2018, the percentage of women giving birth in the past year was higher among immigrants (7.5%) than among the U.S. born (5.7%). While U.S.-born women gave birth to more than 3 million children that year, immigrant women gave birth to about 760,000.

How many immigrants have come to the U.S. as refugees?

Since the creation of the federal Refugee Resettlement Program in 1980, about 3 million refugees have been resettled in the U.S. - more than any other country.

In fiscal 2019, a total of 30,000 refugees were resettled in the U.S. The largest origin group of refugees was the Democratic Republic of the Congo, followed by Burma (Myanmar), Ukraine, Eritrea and Afghanistan. Among all refugees admitted in fiscal year 2019, 4,900 are Muslims (16%) and 23,800 are Christians (79%). Texas, Washington, New York and California resettled more than a quarter of all refugees admitted in fiscal 2018.

Where do most U.S. immigrants live?

Nearly half (45%) of the nation's immigrants live in just three states: California (24%), Texas (11%) and Florida (10%). California had the largest immigrant population of any state in 2018, at 10.6 million. Texas, Florida and New York had more than 4 million immigrants each.

In terms of regions, about two-thirds of immigrants lived in the West (34%) and South (34%). Roughly one-fifth lived in the Northeast (21%) and 11% were in the Midwest.

In 2018, most immigrants lived in just 20 major metropolitan areas, with the largest populations in the New York, Los Angeles and Miami metro areas. These top 20 metro areas were home to 28.7 million immigrants, or 64% of the nation's total foreign-born population. Most of the nation's unauthorized immigrant population lived in these top metro areas as well.

How do immigrants compare with the U.S. population overall in education?

Immigrants in the U.S. as a whole have lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population. In 2018, immigrants were over three times as likely as the U.S. born to have not completed high school (27% vs. 8%). However, immigrants were just as likely as the U.S. born to have a bachelor's degree or more (32% and 33%, respectively).

Educational attainment varies among the nation's immigrant groups, particularly across immigrants from different regions of the world. Immigrants from Mexico and Central America are less likely to be high school graduates than the U.S. born (54% and 47%, respectively, do not have a high school diploma, vs. 8% of U.S. born). On the other hand, immigrants from every region except Mexico, the Caribbean and Central America were as likely as or more likely than U.S.-born residents to have a bachelor's or advanced degree.

Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelor's degree or more. Immigrants from Mexico (7%) and Central America (11%) were the least likely to have a bachelor's or higher.

How many immigrants are working in the U.S.?

In 2017, about 29 million immigrants were working or looking for work in the U.S., making up some 17% of the total civilian labor force. Lawful immigrants made up the majority of the immigrant workforce, at 21.2 million. An additional 7.6 million immigrant workers are unauthorized immigrants, less than the total of the previous year and notably less than in 2007, when they were 8.2 million. They alone account for 4.6% of the civilian labor force, a dip from their peak of 5.4% in 2007. During the same period, the overall U.S. workforce grew, as did the number of U.S.-born workers and lawful immigrant workers.

Immigrants are projected to drive future growth in the U.S. working-age population through at least 2035. As the Baby Boom generation heads into retirement, immigrants and their children are expected to offset a decline in the working-age population by adding about 18 million people of working age between 2015 and 2035.

How well do immigrants speak English?

Among immigrants ages 5 and older in 2018, half (53%) are proficient English speakers - either speaking English very well (37%) or only speaking English at home (17%).

Immigrants from Mexico have the lowest rates of English proficiency (34%), followed by those from Central America (35%), East and Southeast Asia (50%) and South America (56%). Immigrants from Canada (96%), Oceania (82%), Europe (75%) and sub-Saharan Africa (74%) have the highest rates of English proficiency.

The longer immigrants have lived in the U.S., the greater the likelihood they are English proficient. Some 47% of immigrants living in the U.S. five years or less are proficient. By contrast, more than half (57%) of immigrants who have lived in the U.S. for 20 years or more are proficient English speakers.

Among immigrants ages 5 and older, Spanish is the most commonly spoken language. Some 42% of immigrants in the U.S. speak Spanish at home. The top five languages spoken at home among immigrants outside of Spanish are English only (17%), followed by Chinese (6%), Hindi (5%), Filipino/Tagalog (4%) and French (3%).

How many immigrants have been deported recently?

Around 337,000 immigrants were deported from the U.S. in fiscal 2018, up since 2017. Overall, the Obama administration deported about 3 million immigrants between 2009 and 2016, a significantly higher number than the 2 million immigrants deported by the Bush administration between 2001 and 2008. In 2017, the Trump administration deported 295,000 immigrants, the lowest total since 2006.

Immigrants convicted of a crime made up the less than half of deportations in 2018, the most recent year for which statistics by criminal status are available. Of the 337,000 immigrants deported in 2018, some 44% had criminal convictions and 56% were not convicted of a crime. From 2001 to 2018, a majority (60%) of immigrants deported have not been convicted of a crime.

How many immigrant apprehensions take place at the U.S.-Mexico border?

The number of apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border has doubled from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2019, from 396,579 in fiscal 2018 to 851,508 in fiscal 2019. Today, there are more apprehensions of non-Mexicans than Mexicans at the border. In fiscal 2019, apprehensions of Central Americans at the border exceeded those of Mexicans for the fourth consecutive year. The first time Mexicans did not make up the bulk of Border Patrol apprehensions was in 2014.

How do Americans view immigrants and immigration?

While immigration has been at the forefront of a national political debate, the U.S. public holds a range of views about immigrants living in the country. Overall, a majority of Americans have positive views about immigrants. About two-thirds of Americans (66%) say immigrants strengthen the country "because of their hard work and talents," while about a quarter (24%) say immigrants burden the country by taking jobs, housing and health care.

Yet these views vary starkly by political affiliation. Among Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents, 88% think immigrants strengthen the country with their hard work and talents, and just 8% say they are a burden. Among Republicans and Republican-leaning independents, 41% say immigrants strengthen the country, while 44% say they burden it.

Americans were divided on future levels of immigration. A quarter said legal immigration to the U.S. should be decreased (24%), while one-third (38%) said immigration should be kept at its present level and almost another third (32%) said immigration should be increased.
Note: This is an update of a post originally published May 3, 2017, and written by Gustavo López, a former research analyst focusing on Hispanics, immigration and demographics; and Kristen Bialik, a former research assistant.
CORRECTION (Sept. 21, 2020): An update to the methodology used to tabulate figures in the chart "Among new immigrant arrivals, Asians outnumber Hispanics" has changed all figures from 2001 and 2012. This new methodology has also allowed the inclusion of the figure from 2000. Furthermore, the earlier version of the chart incorrectly showed the partial year shares of Hispanic and Asian recent arrivals in 2015; the corrected complete year shares are 31% and 36%, respectively.

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Today, more than 40 million people living in the U.S. were born in another country, accounting for about one-fifth of the world's migrants.

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Migration has positive effect on both labour power  and population growth.

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Migration has positive effect on both labour power  and population growth.

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Immigrants mostly work in areas such as accommodation and food service activities, cleaning, building etc. 

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Immigrants mostly work in areas such as accommodation and food service activities, cleaning, building etc. 

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Overall figures of immigrants in European society

On 1 January 2022, there were

*This does not include those born in another Member State
The share of foreign-born population in the EU is lower than in most high-income countries.

Foreign-born residents per country

Source: Eurostat (2022), OECD (2021)
Note: non-EU born in case of the EU (i.e. those born in another Member State are not included); if intra-EU mobile persons were included, the share would be 12.4%

Reasons to stay in Europe

All valid residence permits at the end of 2021 by reason

Source: Eurostat; end of 2020 data in case of Finland; "other" includes permits issued for the reason of residence only, permits issued to victims of trafficking of human beings and unaccompanied minors, as well as permits issued for all other reasons for which residence permits may be issued and which are not covered by the other categories
Among the non-EU citizens residing in the EU with a valid residence permit at the end of 2021, most were holding permits issued for family or work reasons.

Employment of immigrants

In 2022, 9.93 million non-EU citizens were employed in the EU labour market, out of 193.5 million persons aged from 20 to 64, corresponding to 5.1% of the total.

The employment rate in the EU in the working-age population is higher for EU citizens (77.1%), than for non-EU citizens (61.9%) in 2022.

Over-represented sectors

In 2022, non-EU citizens were over-represented in some specific economic sectors such as:

Over-representation by occupation

In terms of occupations, non-EU citizens were over-represented among:

Under-represented sectors

Non-EU citizens were under-represented in other economic sectors, including:

Under-representation by occupation

On the other hand, non-EU citizens were under-represented among:
Source: Eurostat

Refugees in Europe

Refugees from Ukraine

Since Russia's military aggression in Ukraine in February 2022, Europe has received the largest number of people fleeing war since World War II. For up-to-date details of the efforts to welcome people fleeing the war in Ukraine and to provide temporary protection, see the dedicated page Migration management: Welcoming refugees from Ukraine.

Overall situation in 2022

Based on data from UNHCR, in mid-2022, all around the world there were:

32.5 million refugees and

53.2 million internally displaced persons (due to conflict and violence).

The share of refugees in the EU was 1.5% compared to its total population.

Number of refugees compared to total population

Several countries around the world host a large refugee population:

Source: UNHCR
Note: The graph shows the ten countries hosting the most refugees and the EU

Migration to and from the EU

Migration numbers in 2021

In 2022, nearly 3.7 million first residence permits were issued in the EU, compared to 2.9 million in 2021, exceeding numbers seen before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (3.0 million in 2019). The number of first permits issued by Germany (+190%), Malta (+164%) and Ireland (+146%) more than doubled when compared to 2021. In 2022, there was a particularly large increase in case of asylum- (+57%) and education-related (+33%) reasons but the number of permits issued for work (+18%), family (+26%) and other reasons (+21%) also increased year-on-year. In 2022, first permits were issued for the following reasons:

Source: Eurostat; "other" includes permits issued for the reason of residence only, permits issued to victims of trafficking of human beings and unaccompanied minors, as well as permits issued for all other reasons for which residence permits may be issued and which are not covered by the other categories
Top 10 nationalities of first residence permits issued in EU Member States in 2022

Seeking asylum in Europe

First time asylum applicants by continent of origin (2022)

Source: Eurostat
Top 15 nationalities of first time asylum applicants (2022)

Source: Eurostat
In 2022, asylum seekers came from around 140 countries.

962,200 applications, including 881,200 first time applications, were lodged in the EU in 2022, an increase of 52% in comparison to 2021, and of 38% than in 2019, before COVID.

A significant share of applicants come from visa-free countries (22% of first time applicants in 2022, up from 15% in 2021 because of more applicants from Latin America) who enter the EU legally, mostly from:

First time asylum applications per 100,000 inhabitants in 2022:

Source: Eurostat
In 2022, 239,500 people seeking asylum were under 18 years old - around one in six of them (39,500) were unaccompanied children. Most of unaccompanied children came from Afghanistan, Syria and Somalia.

Recognition of refugees

In 2022, EU countries took 632,400 first instance asylum decisions. 49% of these decisions were positive:

142,800 persons received refugee status,

101,700 were granted subsidiary protection status and

65,900 received humanitarian status.

A further 218,200 final decisions were made following an appeal, including:

27,000 decisions granting refugee status,

18,200 granting subsidiary protection status and

28,600 granting humanitarian status.

Overall, EU countries granted protection to around 384,200 people in 2022.

Effectiveness of the asylum system

Fluctuating backlog
At the end of December 2022, 877,800 asylum applications were pending - 17% more than one year earlier (747,300). The backlog continuously increased between July and December 2022.

Varying processing times across Member States
The ratio of pending cases and applications varies widely across Member States, reflecting the differences in processing time. According to the EU Agency for Asylum (EUAA) data, at the end of February 2023, 42% of the cases pending at first instance had been pending for more than six months.

Number of pending applications compared to total number of applications in a given month

Source: Eurostat

Varying recognition rates across EU countries
The EU's asylum system remains undermined due to significant differences in recognition rates across EU countries. For example, in 2022 the recognition rate of Afghan citizens at first instance ranged from 27% in Germany to 100% in Portugal (from those Member States that issued at least 100 first instance decisions to Afghan citizens).

Dublin rules in practice
In 2021, Member States reported 120,300 outgoing requests under the Dublin rules sent to other Member States and other countries participating in the Dublin system to take responsibility for examining an application for international protection. Out of 116,300 decisions on such requests, 60,000 (52%) were accepted and 11,500 outgoing transfers were executed, corresponding to 19% of accepted requests.

Resettlement

In 2022, around 17,300 people in need of international protection were resettled from non-EU countries to EU Member States, 27% less than in 2021 but 496% more than in 2020.

Syrian was by far the main nationalities, accounting for 63% of people resettled.

Under joint EU resettlement schemes, almost 115,000 persons found protection in the EU since 2015. In addition, since 2021, more than 40,000 persons, mostly Afghans at risk, arrived to the EU via humanitarian admission. Member States receive support from the EU budget for resettlement and humanitarian admission.

Irregular border crossings

Overall figures

Irregular EU border crossings by nationality in 2022

Geographical distribution

2022

Increase in crossings on the Central Mediterranean (+56%, 105,600), the Eastern Mediterranean(+113%, 43,900) and the Western Balkan routes (+134%, 144,100) compared to 2021

Decrease in crossings on the Western Mediterranean (including the Atlantic route from Western Africa to the Canary islands) (-25%, 30,600) and the Eastern borders routes (-22%, 6,300) compared to 2021

17% increase of deaths at sea: 2,406 persons were reported dead or missing in 2022 on the three Mediterranean routes, compared to 2,062 in 2021

Among the main countries of nationality of those ordered to leave the EU were:

Effectiveness of the return system

In 2022, 77,500 non-EU citizens were returned to a non-EU country. This corresponds to 18.5% of all return decisions issued during the year, decreasing from 20% in 2021.

Among the main countries of origin of those returned outside of the EU in 2022 were:

Among the nationalities with at least 5,000 return orders, the return rate was particularly low for those coming from

In 2022, the share of voluntary and forced returns was 35-65%. 75% of the returns were assisted returns - persons returned received logistical, financial and/ or other material assistance.

In the first half of 2022, 179 600 non-EU citizens were ordered to leave an EU Member State, and a total of 33 600 were returned to a non-EU country following an order to leave. Compared to the same period of 2021, the number of return orders and returns increased by 7% and 20%, respectively.

Short stay visas

In 2022, nearly 1,700 Member States' consulates received 7.6 million short stay visa applications lodged by non-EU citizens, up from 2.9 million in 2021 but 55% less than in 2019.

In total, 5.9 million short stay visas were issued and 1.3 million were refused, amounting to an EU-wide refusal rate of 17.9% (up from 13.4% in 2021).

Most applications were lodged in:

Most visa applications were processed by

58% of all visas were issued for multiple entries. Short stay visas cover travel throughout the 26 Schengen countries for up to 90 days in any 180-day period.

The Atlas on Migration

The Atlas on Migration of the European Commission's Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography is an interactive resource of harmonised, up-to-date and validated data on the status of migration and demography in 27 EU Member States and 171 non-EU countries and territories.

European statistics on migration and asylum

Up-to-date European statistics on

and related information is available on Eurostat's website.

Eurostat collects data from the National Statistics Authorities of the EU Member States and EFTA countries based on statistical regulations adopted by the European Parliament and the Council. Data and related metadata are quality assured in line with the European Statistics Code of Practice, and updated at regular intervals depending on the data collection. Statistical findings are published in Statistics Explained articles and other publications.
Disclaimer: The above data is based on latest available information, updated on a quarterly basis, last update: May 2023

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Overview of statistics on migration to Europe including figures on immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers as well as migration figures to and from the EU

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How many people did migrate from Turkey in the last years?

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How many people did migrate from Turkey in the last years?

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The biggest migration of humanity occurred from Europe to North America around 1840s and it is called ''Great Atlantic Migration''.

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The biggest migration of humanity occurred from Europe to North America around 1840s and it is called ''Great Atlantic Migration''.

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Human migration | Definition, Overview, & Facts

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Human migration, the permanent change of residence by an individual or group. It can be within a country or international in nature. It can also be voluntary or forced. Intermediate between those two categories are voluntary migrations of refugees fleeing war, famine, or natural disaster.

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Immigration is especially tough for the immigrant children. 

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Immigration is especially tough for the immigrant children. 

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Emigration refers to the area that one moved from, whereas immigration is used to talk about the area that one moved to.

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Emigration refers to the area that one moved from, whereas immigration is used to talk about the area that one moved to.

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Emigrate vs. Immigrate-What's the Difference? | Grammarly

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Emigrate means to leave one location, such as one's native country or region, to live in another.

Immigrate means to move into a non-native country or region to live.

Associate the I of immigrate with "in" to remember that the word means moving into a new country.

Is emigrate an alternative spelling of immigrate? If not, what's the difference between immigrate and emigrate?

Here's a tip: Want to make sure your writing always looks great? Grammarly can save you from misspellings, grammatical and punctuation mistakes, and other writing issues on all your favorite websites.

The Meaning of Emigrate

Emigrate is not an alternative spelling of immigrate. Emigrate means to leave a place, such as a country of origin, to settle in another location. Here are some examples. To best understand them, remember that Arnold Schwarzenegger was born in Austria.

The Meaning of Immigrate

To immigrate is to settle in a country where you were not born. Here is an example of the verb immigrate using actress Natalie Portman, who was born in Israel.

How to Remember the Difference Between Immigrate and Emigrate

Immigrate begins with the letter I. If you associate I with "in," you can easily remember that immigrate means to move into a different country. Emigrate begins with an E, so if you associate it with exit, you'll remember that it means to leave your home country.

Examples

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Emigrate vs. Immigrate-What's the Difference?

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Emigrate means to leave one location, such as one's native country or region, to live in another. Immigrate means to move into a non-native country or region to live. Associate the I of immigrate with "in" to remember that the word means moving into a new country.

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Between 70.000 and 100.000 years ago, humans started to emigrate from Africa and they settled in Europe and Asia. 

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Between 70.000 and 100.000 years ago, humans started to emigrate from Africa and they settled in Europe and Asia. 

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Homo sapiens evolved from their early hominid predecessors between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago and developed a capacity for language about 50,000 years ago.

Homo sapiens, the first modern humans, evolved from their early hominid predecessors between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago. They developed a capacity for language about 50,000 years ago.

The first modern humans began moving outside of Africa starting about 70,000-100,000 years ago.

Humans are the only known species to have successfully populated, adapted to, and significantly altered a wide variety of land regions across the world, resulting in profound historical and environmental impacts.

Where do we begin?

Before we tell the stories that make up world history, it is useful to ask: where do we begin? Where did our human stories start?

Homo sapiens is part of a group called hominids, which were the earliest humanlike creatures. Based on archaeological and anthropological evidence, we think that hominids diverged from other primates somewhere between 2.5 and 4 million years ago in eastern and southern Africa. Though there was a degree of diversity among the hominid family, they all shared the trait of bipedalism, or the ability to walk upright on two legs.

Scientists have several theories about why early hominids evolved. One, the aridity hypothesis, suggests that early hominids were more suited to dry climates and evolved as the Africa's dry savannah regions expanded.

Hominids continued to evolve and develop unique characteristics. Their brain capacities increased, and approximately 2.3 million years ago, a hominid known as Homo habilis began to make and use simple tools. By a million years ago, some hominid species, particularly Homo erectus, began to migrate out of Africa and into Eurasia, where they began to make other advances like controlling fire.

Though there were once many kinds of hominids, only one remains: Homo sapiens. Extinction is a normal part of evolution, and scientists continue to theorize why other hominid species didn't survive. We do have some clues as to why some species were less successful at surviving than others, such as an inability to cope with competition for food, changes in climate, and volcanic eruptions.

Migration and the Peopling of the Earth

Between 70,000 and 100,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began migrating from the African continent and populating parts of Europe and Asia. They reached the Australian continent in canoes sometime between 35,000 and 65,000 years ago.

Adaptation and effects on nature

When humans migrated from Africa to colder climates, they made clothing out of animal skins and constructed fires to keep themselves warm; often, they burned fires continuously through the winter. Sophisticated weapons, such as spears and bows and arrows, allowed them to kill large mammals efficiently. Along with changing climates, these hunting methods contributed to the extinction of giant land mammals such as mammoths, giant kangaroos, and mastodons. Fewer giant mammals, in turn, limited hunters' available prey.

What do you think?

Why do you think Homo sapiens is the only surviving human species?

What effects do you think the environment had on human evolution? What effects did human evolution have on the environment?

What skills were needed for human species to populate the Earth?

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First humans: Homo sapiens & early human migration (article) | Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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While human trafficking is for making use of a person, migrate smugglers facilitate necessary elements of passing the border for a price.

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While human trafficking is for making use of a person, migrate smugglers facilitate necessary elements of passing the border for a price.

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United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime

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WHAT IS MIGRANT SMUGGLING?

Migrant smuggling is defined in the UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as 'the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident'. In general terms, migrant smuggling is about making money by assisting a person to enter or stay in a country without having the legal permission to do so. Migrant smugglers are driven by the desire for financial or material gain. They are not motivated by altruistic or humanitarian reasons. Migrant smuggling affects the sovereignty of States over their borders and is a criminal act under the domestic law of many States.

Learn more about migrant smuggling here.

These are two distinct but often interconnected crimes. While human trafficking aims to exploit a person, who may or may not be a migrant, the purpose of smuggling is, by definition, to make profits from facilitating illegal border crossing. Human trafficking can take place within the victim's home country or in another country. Migrant smuggling always happens across national borders. Some migrants might start their journey by agreeing to be smuggled into a country illegally but end up as victims of human trafficking when they are deceived, coerced or forced into an exploitative situation later in the process, for example being forced to work for no or very little money to pay for their transportation. Criminals may both smuggle and traffic people, employing the same routes and methods of transporting them. Smuggled migrants have no guarantee that those who smuggle them are not in fact human traffickers.

Learn more about migrant smuggling here.

Learn more about human trafficking here.

Migrant smuggling happens when people face barriers to orderly and regular migration and when individuals or organized criminals seek opportunities to profit from the situation. Smugglers take advantage of people who need to escape natural disaster, conflict or persecution, poverty linked to these and similar conditions, destitution or lack or employment and education opportunities but do not have the options to migrate legally. Demand for smuggling services is particularly high among refugees and asylum seekers who, for lack of other means, may need to use smugglers in order to reach a safe destination after fleeing their country of origin. Smugglers sometimes contribute to generating demand for their services through proactive recruitment and misinformation which increase the number of migrants who are willing to make use of smuggling services.

Migrant smuggling affects all countries in the world, as countries of origin, transit and/or destination. Main smuggling routes include African routes towards North and Southern Africa and Asian routes towards Europe and the Middle East, or to wealthier countries in South-East Asia and the Pacific. Further routes head to Europe across the Mediterranean Sea, while land routes operate between Latin America and North America. In addition, smuggling can occur by air, undertaken with counterfeit or fraudulently obtained documents, or via hazardous overland journeys across deserts, mountains, lakes and rivers. Europol has reported that more than 90 per cent of irregular migrants entering the European Union use smuggling services at some stage during their journey.

Smuggled migrants are often young men. On some routes, notably in parts of South-East Asia, women comprise large shares of smuggled migrants. The gender composition of smuggled migrant flows may also be influenced by the circumstances driving their mobility. In particular, when persecution, insecurity and conflicts are drivers, families also resort to smugglers. Many smuggling flows also include unaccompanied or separated children, who are particularly vulnerable to deception and abuse by smugglers and others. Many migrants travel on their own, which can involve both regular and irregular border crossings. They may use smuggling services on an ad-hoc basis and only at the very moment when required. Other migrants rely on pre-organized migrant smuggling services.

Migrant smugglers are criminals and not humanitarians. They are motivated by financial or material gain. They may be individual opportunists or part of a well-organized, multinational network. Smuggling ventures over short distances and across single borders do not usually require sophisticated migrant smuggling methods. Where pre-organized smuggling occurs over greater distances and involves multiple border crossings, it is common that a chain of coordinators oversee individual legs of the smuggling ventures, interact with each other and work with local groups in the countries of transit and destination. Smugglers who are in charge of recruiting, promoting and selling smuggling services normally market their activities to people from the same community or same ethnic group. Smugglers, particularly those in intermediary roles, often have the same citizenship as the migrants they smuggle. They speak the local language, know the territory and are directly involved into the actual smuggling, for example, by providing temporary accommodation or leading migrants across a border.

The lives of smuggled migrants are often put at risk. Thousands of smuggled migrants have suffocated in containers, perished in deserts or drowned at sea. Migrant smugglers often conduct their activities with little or no regard for the lives of the people whose hardships have created a demand for smuggling services. Survivors have told tales of their ordeals, which include people crammed into windowless storage spaces or forced to sit still in urine, seawater, fuel, faeces or vomit, deprived of food and water, while others around them die and their bodies are discarded at sea or on the roadside. Smuggled migrants constantly face threats of violence, abuse and even death along their journeys and at their destination. They are often victims of assault, rape, theft and extortion. Debts resulting from financing the high fees associated with migrant smuggling in combination with the migrants' irregular status in transit and destination countries also make the migrants vulnerable to human trafficking.

Most smuggling networks are loosely connected, based on fluid contacts. However, there are also more structured organizations. For instance, in North Africa, much of the smuggling industry seems to be based on more hierarchical organizational structures than those observed in other regions. Where pre-organized smuggling occurs over greater distances and involves multiple border crossings, it is common that a chain of coordinators or organizers oversee individual legs of the smuggling ventures, interact with each other and work with local groups in the countries of transit and destination. The local service providers and coordinators are usually not part of one organization but are rather part of a flexible and informal network. As with other forms of organized crime, the main purpose of migrant smuggling is profit. Some migrants may pay upfront and in cash, while others need to arrange payment upon arrival at their destination, requiring a level of financial organization.

Migrant smuggling can generate large profits for the criminals involved with little risk of being prosecuted for their crimes. In some countries, investigations rarely lead to prosecutions and convictions. Other countries focus much of their anti-smuggling efforts on the detection of smuggled migrants rather than the detection of the smugglers and their assets. The organizers, who are usually not physically involved in bringing migrants across borders, face even less risk of detection. In these circumstances, the smuggling of migrants remains an attractive, low-risk, high-profit crime. Corruption, including bribery of customs, visa and border control officials plays a key role in migrant smuggling.

The UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is the only internationally agreed legal instrument designed to prevent and combat smuggling of migrants. Countries that ratify the Protocol must criminalize migrant smuggling. The three main purposes of the Protocol are to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants, to promote cooperation among States that have ratified the Protocol, and to preserve and protect the rights of smuggled migrants. According to the Protocol, smuggled migrants should also not be liable for criminal prosecution for having been smuggled. If they are in detention, the detaining authorities should comply with their obligations under international law. The Protocol reminds States of the of their obligations under international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. It requires States to respect the principle of non-refoulement, which guarantees that no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and other irreparable harm.

Learn more about the Smuggling of Migrants Protocol here.

UNODC assists countries to ratify and implement the Smuggling of Migrants Protocol and bring their national legislation in line with the treaty's legal provisions. It help countries to draft, develop and review the laws, policies, and action plans they need to effectively combat migrant smuggling and produces the necessary tools and guidelines. UNODC's experts train and mentor the people who use these instruments to apprehend, prosecute and convict smugglers and protect the rights of the migrants. UNODC supports transnational investigations into smuggling rings and the tracing and seizure of the illicit proceeds of this crime.

More information about UNODC's response to migrant smuggling here.

UNODC's 2018 Global Study on Smuggling of Migrants here.

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WHAT IS MIGRANT SMUGGLING? Migrant smuggling is defined in the UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as 'the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident'.

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Illegal immigrants usually get caught by security forces like ICE(The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement). They can be deported immediately, they can voluntarily leave the country. However, in some cases, the judge needs to decide, and until the permanent resolve, they can stay in the US.

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Illegal immigrants usually get caught by security forces like ICE(The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement). They can be deported immediately, they can voluntarily leave the country. However, in some cases, the judge needs to decide, and until the permanent resolve, they can stay in the US.

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Step by step: how the U.S. deports undocumented immigrants

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An analysis of the legal process of deportation.

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About 1.9 million people migrated from Turkey during 2019-2020.

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About 1.9 million people migrated from Turkey during 2019-2020.

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Culture shock is a feeling of annoyance that may occur when you visit or migrate to another country with different traditions. There are a few ways of avoiding culture shock such as being open-minded, making new friends.

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Culture shock is a feeling of annoyance that may occur when you visit or migrate to another country with different traditions. There are a few ways of avoiding culture shock such as being open-minded, making new friends.

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TLDR 👀

Culture shock is a feeling of disorientation, annoyance, and/or hostility experienced when you visit a country with norms and traditions different from your own.

Culture shock has different stages but usually results in an understanding of your new host country's norms and traditions.

Everyone experiences culture shock differently -- your past experiences often color how you see your new country.

Try to manage expectations before going abroad. Do research beforehand and engage with the local community once you're there. This will help you integrate.

The minute you land in your new country, you're busy taking in the newness around you. You're smiling at the street vendors selling fruit on every corner. You're captivated by the sudden openness of the people around you. Or perhaps you're noticing discreet segregation of genders, ages, or confused by why your host mother shies away from some of your questions. This, brave globetrotter, is called culture shock.

Most people who have traveled more extensively than a brief vacation have heard the term. Whether you're a seasoned traveler or are heading off on your first time abroad, you'll need to understand culture shock and how to cope with it during your time overseas.

When you go abroad, your daily routine, culture, food, and the attitudes of people around you are no longer familiar. The process of recognizing, understanding, and adapting to these changes is called culture shock.

In our normal environment much of our behavior, like gestures, tone of voice, how we wait in lines (or don't wait), and interact, rely on collectively understood cultural cues. However, we don't actively pay attention to these -- they're our unspoken norm. In a new country, we become more aware of these cultural subtleties because they are different from our norm.

Even drastically different culinary traditions can cause culture shock. Food is deeply ingrained in culture and we have many associations, both good and bad, with the things we eat. Being away from home and realizing common ingredients or comfort foods you often reach for aren't available can bring up strong emotions.

You may not literally be shocked, but this act of feeling disoriented and processing new ways of life, attitudes, and cultural norms is by definition culture shock. There are four stages of culture shock:

Initial euphoria / The honeymoon stage - After first arriving to a new place, you'll likely be caught up in all the wonderful things your new chosen home has to offer. During this stage, you are more likely to recognize cultural similarities and be charmed by the differences.

Irritation and hostility / The negotiation stage - Gradually, the euphoria will diminish. You'll get lost. You'll get mad at the apparent "disorganization" of things. You'll become overwhelmed with all the things you have to adjust to and either feel irritated or compelled to make things go "your way".

Gradual understanding / The adjustment stage - You're finally able to relax. You've come to terms with your new home and have achieved a balance of emotions. Instead of feeling irritated, you're understanding of differences. You'll start to have a more positive outlook, interest in learning more about your host country, and make more effort to fit in.

Adaptation or biculturalism / The mastery stage - Reaching a high level of comfort in your new home is the final stage of culture shock. The order of things makes sense, you can talk to strangers with ease, and you understand cultural nuances. Your routine is more natural. Sure, you still miss your friends and family, but your new friends and activities have become part of your daily life.

In some cases, culture shock can resemble or trigger study abroad depression. If you fear you are on the verge of or already in this state, don't try to get through it alone. Talk to your study abroad directors or volunteer coordinators. Don't isolate yourself.

Now that you understand what culture shock is and how to recognize it, lets get down to real strategies and tips for dealing with culture shock.

Read through travel forums, guidebooks, news reports, or novels. Talk to people who have been there or -- better yet -- are from there.

Get to know as much as you can about what's considered polite or rude (for example, did you know it's rude to step over someone's bag in Madagascar?) and prepare yourself for some of the differences before you go.

Whether you're studying, volunteering, or working abroad, you'll likely have a point of contact. Don't hesitate to ask them what others have had a hard time adapting to and what they've done to cope. Each country has its own nuances, so you're going to face a different situation in France as you would in Thailand. Ask those who know best!

This may be obvious, but make sure you have goals for your trip abroad, and make sure they include learning about your host culture. Do you love food? Make it a goal to learn how to cook a local dish.

During the honeymoon phase, write down all the things you love about your new host country. Later, when you're feeling frustrated or irritated, use this list to remind yourself of all the good things about your host country, instead of the things that annoy you.

Especially in stage two, when you may have negative feelings towards your host culture, find a healthy distraction. Take some time to yourself, watch an episode of your favorite TV show, cook a meal from home, or have a solo dance party in your house.

Going overseas is a challenge, an introduction to a new culture, and an emotional roller coaster all at once at times.

It's OK to feel overwhelmed and need a break from your host country -- just make sure it's a healthy distraction and you don't spend your whole time locked up in your house!

If you aren't abroad with a group, like a study abroad, connect with other expats around you. Talk to them about how they feel about your host culture. Ask them about how they feel, strategies they've used to cope with cultural differences.

Also, learn from them. They may have figured out something you're still confused about -- like why everyone keeps saying a particular phrase or how to politely say "no" when your host mom insists you finish everything on your plate.

A common mistake to make in your host country is to assume the same norms from home apply. This is the easiest way to feel annoyed, disappointed, and bitter. Try to enter the new situation as a blank slate. This will help you minimize expectations that will inevitably creep in.

When it comes to food, you may realize that the food in a particular country isn't what you expected, it can incur some culture shock. Your favorite dish at the Chinese takeaway may not even exist in China; likewise, for your curry of choice that is nowhere to be found in India. Just don't let this stop you from finding a new favorite! This is where things get interesting anyway, and you have the opportunity to test out the real, local cuisine.

Throughout every stage of culture shock, try to put your own worldview in your pocket and try to understand the world the way your host culture does.

Maybe you don't agree with some philosophies, and maybe it doesn't make sense within your own cultural context, and it doesn't have to. Just try to understand where they're coming from. Ask questions, be non-judgemental, be an anthropologist!

Part of your feelings of culture shock may be because you feel like too much of an outsider, so get involved in your local community as much as possible. This includes making friends! If you went to church at home, go to church there. If you volunteered at home, find a volunteer project in your host city. Join a sports team, go to major festivals, and make this new home a home!

Make an effort to learn a few basic phrases (or more!) in the local language. It's not just a way to understand more of the culture (language and culture are linked), but also to make friends. And hey -- it's just fun!

Culture shock affects everyone differently and can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Largely, this depends on:

The countries you've previously traveled to ... if any. Have you experienced new cultures before?

The country you're now traveling in. How different is it from your own culture?

The purpose and structure of your current trip. Do you have someone to help you understand the new culture? Are you willing to learn and adapt?

How well you adjust to new situations. How do you generally react to being outside your comfort zone?

For example, when I first traveled to Tanzania, I had the hardest time adjusting to shopping in chaotic markets and bargaining for goods. I'm used to being left alone to browse when shopping at home, but most shop owners there are anxious to make a sale. They follow shoppers around and continuously present them with suggestions of things to buy. Then, instead of paying a set price, shopper and shopkeeper begin the lengthy process of bargaining for an agreed-upon price. I had limited patience with this system, and would often end up feeling irritated.

The process of recognizing, understanding, and adapting to these changes is called culture shock.

In contrast, when I later visited other countries, like India, with similar markets and culture of bargaining, I felt more confident and able to navigate shopping in markets. I still didn't love it, but my past experiences helped me adapt to these new cultures since I'd traveled in similar places before.

Living overseas isn't all weekend getaways and late-night parties. It's a challenge, an introduction to a new culture, and an emotional roller coaster all at once at times. However, it's worth the ups and downs. We promise you, once you're home you'll forget about all the things that irritated you and treasure the memories and friends you made.

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How to Deal with Culture Shock While Abroad

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Culture shock is a feeling of disorientation, annoyance, and/or hostility experienced when you visit a country with norms and traditions different from your own. Culture shock has different stages but usually results in an understanding of your new host country's norms and traditions.

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The honeymoon stage.

The frustration stage.

The adjustment stage.

The acceptance stage.