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Three Basic Mechanisms for Pneumatic Controllers

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Hydraulics are often used for moving parts of mechanical systems that need to lift or push heavy objects. The landing gear in an aircraft use several hydraulic cylinders to move the wheels into place and to cushion the aircraft's landing

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A pneumatic works by using compressed air keeping it clean and a good mechanical advantage in the food industry

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Capacitors store small amounts of electrical charge (charge)

capacitors are used in timer circuits because they take a little time to charge up.

Some capacitors are polarised: they have a positive connection and negative connection, and only work when connected the right way, the polarity is indicated on the symbol and on the physical component

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Resistors limit the current flowing through them

Fixed resistors are made in fixed values, which can be read using the coloured bands

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A SPST toggle switch is a simple on/off switch operated by a lever

SPST means single-pole single-throw. this means it has two connections

One position of the switch closes the circuit and the other position opens or breaks the circuit

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A Fuse is a safety device

When too much current flows, the fuse 'blows' and stops the current

High current melts a thin wire inside the fuse

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The Resistance of a variable resistor can be

variable resistors can change the speed of motors by lowering or making the current flow through more

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Resistors limit the current flowing through them

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Converts Rotary motion to a regular reciprocating motion - and vice versa

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Large plated chain used to drive over rough ground

Prevents obstacles getting stuck in the wheels or the vehicle becoming grounded

Used on Military Tanks, space Exploration Vehicles/Robots and Bomb Disposal

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Bevel Gears change the angle of rotation of 90 degrees.

Changes the speed according to the ratio of teeth in each gear (the gear ratio)

used in Hand drill, Hand whisk Differental drives for cars

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A rope or a belt is passed around a pulley wheel. More pulley wheels increase the power. used for raising heavy loads. raising sails and raising window blinds

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A Cam & Follower changes motion from rotary to reciprocating. A cam is an irregular rotating shape. A follower follows the edge of the cam. Used in car engines to open and close valves. Textile weaving machines and printing machines

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Uses a toothed belt and gears to prevent slippage. Used in car trimming belts, printers,lathes, etc.

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Helical gears have angled gears, smoother and quiter than spur gears, stronger because multiple gears engage at the same time. Used in cars for gearboxes

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A chain is used to connect two sprockets

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A Rack & Pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a circular gear engaging a linear rack. Which translates rotary motion to linear motion.