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- Anti-slavery sentiment
- Desire to remove black people from white society due to multiple reasons: belief that it was dangerous to allow free black people to remain in the United States, belief that black people would have better lives outside of white society, belief that black colonists could spread Christianity, etc.

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The gradual relocation of enslaved people to Africa or the Caribbean following their liberation.

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The American Colonization Society (ACS) was formed in 1817 by a group of wealthy white Virginians who sought to reform enslavement without challenging southern property rights or enslavers. The ACS proposed a gradual manumission of enslaved people (wherein former enslavers would receive compensation), after which the Society would resettle them out of the country and help them establish a society of their own.

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- Presbyterian minister from New Jersey
- Brother-in-law of Elias B. Caldwell, who was friends with Francis Scott Key, who originally discovered earlier legislative debates of black colonization and pushed pushed for support of the concept

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-One of the founders of the American Colonization Society of America (ACS)
- Suggested that a colony would be placed in Africa in order to resettle African Americans away from the United States

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Despite being a negligible, problematic force of reform which was met with opposition from both abolitionists and free Black people, the ACS managed to receive state and private funding alike. Through the relocation of liberated enslaved people to the west coast of Africa, it successfully colonized Liberia in 1830, which later gained independence in 1846.

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Colonization was one of the first organized anti-slavery movements in the United States. While the concept of colonization was unsuccessful and unpopular, it set a precedent for future organizations and initiatives of American abolitionism.

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The ACS worked with the US government to successfully colonize Liberia with around 12,000 freed black people.

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America's African Colony: Formation of Liberia