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The Eyema-O-Byeri was affected by conquest because:

French colonizers viewed the byeri as a threat to Christianity and to European social control, therefore they wanted to destroy them. To preserve the bones of their ancestor, the Fang turned over their sculptures for sale to the French.

To make them more appealing to collectors, European dealers modified them to look more like “sculpture” and less like spiritual objects. From this artwork, feathers and beads were removed, and it was polished black to render it uniform in color. It was most heavily altered from its original appearance.

This artwork is very significant because it can show the cruelty of the European countries, and how they treat the spiritual objects in Africa. The colonial has had looting in Africa, many cultural relics were destroyed by them. This artwork will remind people of the history, and have a lesson learn.

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The artwork of ivory was affected by the conquest because:

There is a regular trade caravans which have been crossing the Sahara Desert.

The colonialism began during the large scale international trade operations between Europe and Africa as a result of Portuguese advances in maritime navigation. They found that artists from Sierra Leone could make all things of ivory they asked to make.

The object Lidded Saltcellar was made by ivory to transport to European patrons. Ivory saltcellars were poplar items on the dining tables of European aristocrats in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

I choose this artwork as an example because it has displayed the artists’ s virtuosity with his chisel from the floral and dot motifs on the top of the cellar. Moreover, this delicate detail work is difficult to achieve since the object is led than a foot tall. What’s more, this artwork is very significant because of the symbolism. At the lower half of the vessel, there are male and female with Sierra Leonean facial figures are separated by dogs. And these dogs are poised to leap up into the mouths of serpents. In Europe, serpents has been a symbol of power, therefore, this has revealed a phenomenon that the invasion of Europe.

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The style of the artwork was affected by the conquest because:

At first, Native American peoples lived in stable villages and supported themselves by hunting and agriculture. However, as the European settlers began to turn forests into farms, this has affected the Eastern Woodlands peoples which forced them westward.

There was an interaction between Eastern Woodlands and Plains since the Native American peoples moved, and this movement has led to a new style called Prairie style.

It is significant to plot on the map because this quillwork which involved dyeing porcupine and bird quills with a variety of natural dyes has been one of the symbolic for Native American peoples. The Sioux Baby Carrier has thunderbirds flying with their heads turned which has a powerful symbol that to be capable of protection against both human and supernatural enemies. This has revealed the wish of the Native American peoples to get their lands back from the European invaders.

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Machu Picchu was affected by conquest because:

There was a guess that Machu Picchu was a shelter for Incas after the invasion of Spanish due to the great refinement and durability of the stone structure.

There was another guess that Incas abandoned the Machu Picchu due to the decimation of the population by the Smallpox disease that was introduced by Europeans. Therefore, the Spanish invaders couldn’t track down the Machu Picchu.

Machu Picchu is  one of the archaeological wonders of the world, not only because it was built on a hill with difficult access which was at 9000 feet above the sea level, but also because it is one of the architectures that use a great technique to build. These ruins are very valuable to human than any of the other wonders of the world.

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Julia Jumbo, TWO GRAY HILLS TAPESTRY WEAVING

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The Two Gray Hills Tapestry Weaving was affected by conquest because:

This tapestry weaving was made by wool of the sheep. Between 1100 and 1500 CE, the Navajo migrated to the Southwest and they lived base on agriculture and shepherding which was after the introduction of sheep by the Spaniards.

Since used the wool of sheep, Navajo women have become famous for their skill of weave among many Euro-American collectors. Therefore, this kind of skill has been introduced to Europe.

It is significant to plot on this map because it is representative of a continuation as a sacred art because according to Navajo mythology, the Navajo women were taught the art of weaving by Spider women, and they continue to keep this art vital. It is very valuable that the tradition of art can be handed down from different generations, and it it a proof of the influence of the European conquest.