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HiV in South Africa

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The African National Congress

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Nelson Mandela

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How is the country of South Africa evolving?

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How is the country of South Africa evolving?

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South Africa is not free of racism or inequality between the races, but its evolving. The new generation, the so called "Born Frees" are trying their best to fit in the society. Most of them see the Apartheid as history and want to look forward in the future. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission is trying to help those who have not finalized what happend. This Commission is trying to help people forgive each other and not to punish anyone. It want to make people feel better by discovering the truth of long closed cases. This should help people with finalizing what happend. Sadly the inequalities in the country are still there and still huge. Many black people have to deal with poverty and crimes in the townships where they life. Sure their are equal in front of the law, but many are still not wealthy enough to provide as good school education as the whites have. But luckily the new generation is optimistic that they can fix these problems over time and find solutions for their own problems.

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In 1963 the international pressure starte to grow. South Africa got excluded from the Olympics in 1964, the country lost its place in the UN and economic sanctions come in charge.

In 1976 students protest against the implementation of Afrikaans (the white African language) as a school subject. The police startet shooting again and killed at least 600 people. The protestants were mostly children and teenagers.

Since 1985 the number of protest against Apartheid increase greatly. There a many fight between the police and black people, during those street battles many black people got killed or wounded. The government calls out a state of emergency and won´t undo it since 1990. More and more countries impose sanctions against the white regime.

In 1989 F.W. de Klerk got elected as president of South Africa. The white president lossend rules which encouraged Apartheid, allowed the ANC again, released Nelson Mandela from prison and since 1991 his government and the ANC started negotiations over the political system and its future.

In 1994 the first free elections took place. The ANC won, Nelson Mandela got first black president of South Africa and international sanctions roll back.

In 1997 a new democratic constitution comes into effect. All citizens of the country are now equal in front of the law.

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In 1913 the Government (formed from white people out of each colony) enact the Native´s Land Act, this law determined the areas where black people where allowed to buy land.

In 1923 the government banned black people from all Cities, since then all blacks needed a permission, by the government, to work or life in a specific city.

In 1948 the National Party (NP) won the parliaments election (This is a party with only white members and only whites could vote at the time). This party will be the ruling power until 1994. The years between first election and 1994 are  are called "Grand Apartheid" because this party  remitted many laws to separate black and white people.

In 1950 the government labels everyone in the country with his or her race. Your given race ist now your privilege or curse.

In 1960 the Sharpeville massacre took place. During a peaceful demonstration against apartheid policemen started shooting the black protestants, at least 69 people die. The African National Congress (ANC) got forbidden. This is when the ANC startet a non peaceful guerrilla war against the government.

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Nelson Rohlilahla Mandela was born on July 18th in Mvezo, a little town in Transkei in South Africa. His family was royal, their name was Thembu.
In 1939 Mandela started studying  at the University Collage of Fort Hare. He studies the subjects English, Politics, Roman-Dutch Right and indigenous management.
In 1941 Mandela´s parents arranged a forced marriage, but he flew to Johannisburg and startet a apprenticeship in a law office.
In 1944 Nelson Mandela joined the ANC and founded the ANC Youth League with Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and others.
In 1950 Mandela becomes general secretary of the ANC and is proven to be great at speaking to large crowds of people.
In 1951 Mandela becomes president of the ANC Youth League.
In 1956  Mandela and Oliver Tamboo opened the first black  attorney´s office. Due to his actions against the will of the white government, Mandela got banned from political gatherings and is not allowed to leave Johannisburg.
In 1960 the ANC got forbidden and Mandela startet some violent acts against Apartheid alongside others of the ANC.
In 1961 Mandela becomes leader of the armed part of the ANC and started sabotaging governmental facilities. In 1962 Nelson Mandela got caught and imprisoned.
After 27 years of prison Mandela finally came free in 1991. Reason for this is the new president Frederik de Klerk, he allowed the ANC again and freed Mandela. At his first public speech Mandela spoke in front of a huge crowd in the FNB-Stadium. He announced a politic of reconciliation, he wanted to lead the country to democracy and out of the misery.
In 1993 Mandela and de Klerk earn the Nobel Prize in the category peace.
In 1994 Mandela became the first black president of South Africa and started rebuilding the country with the ANC.
In 1999 Nelson Mandela ended his political career.
In 2010 Mandela appeared at the Football Wold Championship, this was his last public appearance.
Mandela died in December 5th, 2013. He had tuberculosis and died by the following of a lung inflammation.

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Apartheid officially startet in 1910. In this year the four Colonies Kap, Natal, Transvaal and Oranje found the South-Africa-Union. The white minority startet to oppress the black majority of the population with laws, they already opressed them before but since 1910 their were laws, which encouraged apartheid.