# data[].attributes.headline
1. The two divisions of the ANS and alternate names associated with each.

# data[].attributes.subject
1. The two divisions of the ANS and alternate names associated with each.

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic (Adrenergic)
&

Parasympathetic (Cholinergic)

Source: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 4)

# data[].attributes.headline
2. The neurotransmitters for each division

# data[].attributes.subject
2. The neurotransmitters for each division

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic Neurotransmitters:

Acetylcholine (ACH), Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (Epi), & Dopamine (DA).

Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters:

Acetylcholine (ACH).

Sources: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 10)
& "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slide 6)

# data[].attributes.headline
3. The locations where each NT is released in each division of the ANS.

# data[].attributes.subject
3. The locations where each NT is released in each division of the ANS.

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic

Acetylcholine (ACH)- Ganglia (at presynaptic nerve endings)

Norepinephrine (NE)- Postganglionic nerve endings

Epinephrine (Epi)- Acts on adrenergic receptors

Dopamine (DA)- Stimulates alpha, beta & dopaminergic receptors

Parasympathetic

Acetylcholine (ACH)- Ganglia & postganglionic nerve endings

Sources: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 10) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slide 6)

# data[].attributes.headline
4. The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor.

# data[].attributes.subject
4. The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor.

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic Receptors

Alpha 1- Located on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries & veins

Alpha 2- Located throughout the CNS

Beta 1- Located on the heart

Beta 2- Located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries & coronary arteries

Parasympathetic Receptors

Muscarinic- Located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

Nicotinic 1 (Nn)- Located at ganglia of parasympathetic & sympathetic nerves (synapse)

Nicotinic 2 (Nm)- Located at somatic neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

Source: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 15) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2 (Slide 5).

# data[].attributes.headline
5.  The end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated. List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division.

# data[].attributes.subject
5.  The end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated. List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division.

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic end organ responses

Adrenal medulla- Release of epinephrine

Arteries- Vasoconstriction (except coronary & skeletal muscle arteries are dilated)

Heart- Increased HR, AV conduction & contractility

Intestines- Decreased GI motility & secretions

Post ganglionic Neurotransmitter- Norepinephrine released

Pupil of the eye- Dilation (mydriasis)

Lower Respiratory Passages- Bronchodilation

Urinary Bladder- Relaxation

Urinary Sphincter- Contraction

Parasympathetic end organ responses

Arteries- Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves

Heart- Decreased HR, AV conduction & slight decrease in contractility

Intestines- Increased GI motility & secretions

Postganglionic NT- Acetylcholine released

Pupil of the eye- Constriction (myosis)

Lower Respiratory Passages- Bronchoconstriction

Urinary Bladder- Contraction

Urinary Sphincter- Relaxation

Source: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slide 11) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slide 3).

# data[].attributes.headline
 6.  The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. 

# data[].attributes.subject
 6.  The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. 

# data[].attributes.body
Sympathetic

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists:

Alpha-1 receptor stimulated; Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages (decongestant effect).

Adrenergic Agonists:

Stimulates all Alpha & Beta receptors; Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, Increases BP (Alpha 1), Cardiac stimulant (Beta 1) & Bronchodilator (Beta 2).

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers:

Binds to alpha-1 receptors & blocks them; Relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation (decreases BP), relaxes smooth muscle of ureters to increase urine flow.

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists:

-> Low dose- Stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys; vasodilation & increased renal blood flow

-> Moderate dose- Stimulates beta-1 receptors (heart); Increased force of contraction & cardiac output

-> High dose- Stimulates alpha-1 receptors; Vasoconstriction (Increased BP).

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists:

Stimulates beta-2 receptors; Relaxation of smooth muscle of lungs (bronchodilation) & relaxation of smooth muscle of uterus

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:

> Selective Beta-1 Blockers

Blocks beta-1 receptor (antagonizes beta-1 effect of NE and EPI); decreased force of contraction (negative ionotropic), decreased cardiac output (which results in decreased BP),  decreased HR (negative chronotropic), decreased conduction (negative dromotropic)

> Non-Selective Beta Blockers

Blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors; decreases force of contraction, cardiac output & BP, HR, & conduction. Can cause bronchoconstriction.

Parasympathetic

Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics:

> Direct-acting Cholinergic Agonists

Directly stimulate/bind to muscarinic receptors; mimics ACH

>Indirect-acting Cholinergic Agonists

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase (the enzyme that destroys ACH at the synapse); increases ACH

Anticholinergics/Parasympatholytics:

Bind to cholinergic receptor; acts as a blocking drug (competitive antagonism).

Sources: "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 1" (Slides 19-26) & "Autonomic Nervous System- Part 2" (Slides 9-15).

# data[].attributes.headline
 7.  The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification 

# data[].attributes.subject
 7.  The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification 

# data[].attributes.body
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists: ephedrine, phenylephrine (Neo-SynephrineⓇ)

Adrenergic Agonists: epinephrine (AdrenalinⓇ)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers: prazosin (MinipressⓇ), terazosin (HytrinⓇ), doxazosin (CarduraⓇ)

Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist: dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist: formoterol (ForadilⓇ), albuterol (Proventil(/VentolinⓇ), terbutaline (BrethineⓇ)

Beta Blockers:

Nonselective: nadolol (CorgardⓇ), propranolol (InderolⓇ), timolol (BlocadrenⓇ)

Selective: atenolol (TenorminⓇ), metoprolol (LopressorⓇ)

Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist: acetylcholine, pilocarpine (PilocarⓇ), bethanechol (UrecholineⓇ)

Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents: neostigmine (ProstigminⓇ)

Anticholinergic: atropine, dicyclomine (BentylⓇ)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:

Peripherally Acting

Depolarizing Agent: succinylcholine

Non-depolarizing Agent: rocuronium bromide (ZemuronⓇ)
Direct Acting: dantrolene (DantriumⓇ)

Centrally Acting                           cyclobenzaprine (FlexerilⓇ), carisoprodol (SomaⓇ), methocarbamol (RobaxinⓇ), orphenadrine citrate (NorflexⓇ), chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSCⓇ), metaxalone (SkelaxinⓇ)

Source: "Master Drug List-Unit 2"