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Christopher Columbus was sent by Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand II of Spain to sail Westward to Asia. Instead, Columbus ended up in South America near what is now known as the Bahamas and Cuba.

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John Cabot was an Italian navigator and explorer. He was commissioned by King Henry VII of England to sail to North America. John Cabot discovers Newfoundland while he searches for the Northwest Passage.

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Vasco Núñez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.

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On April 20, 1534, Jacques Cartier set sail under a commission from the King Francis I of France, hoping to discover a western passage to the wealthy markets of Asia. He is best known as the explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier explored parts of Newfoundland, the Strait of Belle Isle and southern shore of the Labrador Peninsula, the Gaspé and North Shore coastlines on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and some parts of the coasts of the Gulf's main islands, including Prince Edward Island, Anticosti Island and the Magdalen Islands. He also helped to colonize Canada for France.

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Hernando de Soto was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula, and played an important role in Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, but is best known for leading the first Spanish and European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas). He is the first European documented as having crossed the Mississippi River.

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Henry Hudson of The Netherlands was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States. In 1609, he landed in North America and explored the region around the modern New York metropolitan area, looking for a Northwest Passage to Asia on behalf of the Dutch East India Company. On his ship the Half Moon he sailed up the Hudson River, which was later named after him, and thereby laid the foundation for Dutch colonization of the region.