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Biology, January 2023

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Tissues are evenly distributed throughout the body and perform similar functions. Organs are made up of tissues and are organised and perform specific functions in plants and animals. These are made up of same type of cells.

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Biology is subdivided into separate branches for convenience of study, though all the subdivisions are interrelated by basic principles. Thus, while it is custom to separate the study of plants (botany) from that of animals (zoology), and the study of the structure of organisms (morphology) from that of function (physiology), all living things share in common certain biological phenomena—for example, various means of reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material.

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Five Kingdom Classification of Plants and Animals 

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Five Kingdom Classification of Plants and Animals 

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Biotechnology is technology based on biology - biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for more than 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products.

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Studying biology enables us to learn about ourselves, about plants, other animals, about microorganisms that lives together with us and etc

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an organism is a living things that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow adapt and maintain homeostasis

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evolution is a change in the genetic composition of a population over excessive generations

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Taxonomic hierarchy is the process of arranging various organisms into successive levels of the biological classification either in a decreasing or an increasing order from kingdom to species and vice versa.

Each of this level of the hierarchy is called the taxonomic category or rank.

In this system of classification, kingdom is always ranked the highest followed by division, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Also Read: Binomial Nomenclature

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Living things maintain a stable internal environment regardless of their surrounding, and its called homeostasis

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Biology is the study of living organisms like humans, animals, and plants.

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Genes are units of Heredity; they are passed on from parents to offspring.

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The fundamental unit of life is cell.

Cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 in a simple microscope.

Animal Cell Structure

In 1674, Leeuwenhoek, with the help of developed microscope, discovered the free living cells in pond water.

In 1831, Robert Brown had discovered the nucleus in the cell.

In 1839, Purkinje used the term ‘protoplasm’ for the fluid substance found in the cell.

The cell theory was proposed by Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839).

According to the cell theory, all the plants and animals are composed of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life.

In 1855, Virchow further expanded the cell theory and suggested that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

In 1940, the discovery of electron microscope made possible to observe and understand the complex structure of the cell.

Unicellular Organisms
The single cellular organisms, such as Amoeba, Chlamydomonas, Paramoecium, and bacteria, are known as unicellular organisms.

Multicellular Organisms
The organisms consisting of many cells are known as multicellular organisms. E.g. human being, animals, birds, etc.