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Exclusive jurisdiction exists in civil procedure if one court has the power to adjudicate a case to the exclusion of all other courts.

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A writ of assistance is an order directing that a party convey, deliver, or turn over a deed, document, or right of ownership. This writ, which may also be called a writ of restitution or writ of possession, usually serves as an eviction from real property.

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Substantive due process is a principle in United States constitutional law that allows courts to establish and protect certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if only procedural protections are present or the rights are unenumerated elsewhere in the U.S. Constitution.

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the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

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conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.

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a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.

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the official power to make legal decisions and judgments.

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Involuntary servitude or involuntary slavery is a legal and constitutional term for a person laboring against that person's will to benefit another, under some form of coercion, to which it may constitute slavery.

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In law, a concurring opinion is in certain legal systems a written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court, but states different reasons as the basis for their decision

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a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

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In the United States, the Miranda warning is a type of notification customarily given by police to criminal suspects in police custody advising them of their right to silence and, in effect, protection

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a jury, typically of twenty-three people, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial.

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An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.

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A dissenting opinion is an opinion in a legal case in certain legal systems written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court which gives rise to its judgment.

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Concurrent jurisdiction exists where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. This situation often leads to forum shopping, as parties will try to have their civil or criminal case heard in the court that they perceive will be most favorable to them.

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the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime.

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Appellate jurisdiction means that the Court has the authority to review the decisions of lower courts.

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Habeas corpus is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

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In law, certiorari is a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or government agency. Certiorari comes from the name of an English prerogative writ, issued by a superior court to direct that the record of the lower court be sent to the superior court for review

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the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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A criminal case is a lawsuit brought by the state against a person who has broken a criminal law.

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reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).

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A search warrant is a warrant signed by a judge or magistrate authorizing a law enforcement officer to conduct a search on a certain person, a specified place, or an automobile for criminal evidence.

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Due process of law is application by state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to the case so all legal rights that are owed to the person are respected. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it.

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An appeal is a challenge to a previous legal determination. An appeal is directed towards a legal power higher than the power making the challenged determination.

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In common law, a defendant may use defenses to prevent or limit liability.

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a person, especially a public official, who institutes legal proceedings against someone.

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A jury is a sworn body of people convened to hear evidence and render an impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment. Juries developed in England during the Middle Ages and are a hallmark of the English common law system

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A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges

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A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court.