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Vigevano is a historical town located in the north-west of Italy, at about 30 km
from Milan. It’s famous for its medieval castle, its tower and its Ducal Square
dating back to Renaissance. This was a period of magnificence thanks to the
presence of the duke Ludovico Sforza, known as “il Moro”, and Leonardo da
Vinci.
Vigevano lies in the Po Valley and its economy is based on rice growing,
footwear manufacturing and footwear machinery industry.
It's here that the stiletto heel was invented and for decades the town has
been the Italian footwear capital. Stano Marco Daniele

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In 1532 Duke Francesco II Sforza started the building of the current
cathedral, designed by Antonio da Lonate, after demolishing most of the
previous one. It was ended in 1606 and consecrated in 1612. The great
baroque façade, designed by the bishop Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, was
accomplished at the end of the seventeenth century.

By Matteo Rezk

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Near the town there is a green, protected area of extraordinary beauty called “Ticino Park”, through which the Ticino river flows, a paradise for different kinds of animals and for nature lovers. The Lombard natural park of the Ticino Valley is a protected natural area established on 9 January 1974.
By Marco Parisi

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THE CASTLE It is one of the largest fortified buildings in Europe. Its origin dates back to the Longobard era. The transformation from a military fortification into a prestigious residence started with Luchino Visconti in 1345 and was completed by the Sforza family. Galeazzo Maria Sorza converted the keep into a ducal palace and his brother Ludovico il Moro enlarged it adding new parts to the whole complex.Between 1492 and 1494 Bramante built the Tower, the Ladies’ Loggia, the Falconry and a hanging garden, no more existing nowadays.All the inner rooms of the keep and the walls of the courtyard were decorated with frescoes but most of them have been destroyed. Visitors can see some original remains in the so called “Fresco Hall”. By Cecilia De Mercurio 

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THE CASTLE It is one of the largest fortified buildings in Europe. Its origin dates back to the Longobard era. The transformation from a military fortification into a prestigious residence started with Luchino Visconti in 1345 and was completed by the Sforza family. Galeazzo Maria Sorza converted the keep into a ducal palace and his brother Ludovico il Moro enlarged it adding new parts to the whole complex.Between 1492 and 1494 Bramante built the Tower, the Ladies’ Loggia, the Falconry and a hanging garden, no more existing nowadays.All the inner rooms of the keep and the walls of the courtyard were decorated with frescoes but most of them have been destroyed. Visitors can see some original remains in the so called “Fresco Hall”. By Cecilia De Mercurio 

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THE DUCAL SQUAREVigevano’s main landmark is Piazza Ducale, considered one of the finest squares in Italy. It was built at Ludovico Sforza’s request between 1492 and 1494 and it was planned to create a noble forecourt to the Viscontean-Sforzesco castle, which was enlarged and transformed from a simple fortification into a stately residence in the same years. The duke wanted to transform Vigevano into an “ideal town”, that is a town ruled wisely and urbanistically well planned.A relevant role in planning the square was played by the architect Donato Bramante, who based his design on the  model of the “Roman forum”. It is an elongated rectangle, 134 metres long and 48 wide, surrounded by arcades on three sides, supported by 84 columns with carved capitals, all different from each other. At the beginning of the 20th century, two painters from Vigevano: Casimiro Ottone and Luigi Bocca, basing their work on some traces of the original fifteenth-century colours and paintings, realized the existent pictorial decoration. By Sara Pushimaj 

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THE DUCAL SQUAREVigevano’s main landmark is Piazza Ducale, considered one of the finest squares in Italy. It was built at Ludovico Sforza’s request between 1492 and 1494 and it was planned to create a noble forecourt to the Viscontean-Sforzesco castle, which was enlarged and transformed from a simple fortification into a stately residence in the same years. The duke wanted to transform Vigevano into an “ideal town”, that is a town ruled wisely and urbanistically well planned.A relevant role in planning the square was played by the architect Donato Bramante, who based his design on the  model of the “Roman forum”. It is an elongated rectangle, 134 metres long and 48 wide, surrounded by arcades on three sides, supported by 84 columns with carved capitals, all different from each other. At the beginning of the 20th century, two painters from Vigevano: Casimiro Ottone and Luigi Bocca, basing their work on some traces of the original fifteenth-century colours and paintings, realized the existent pictorial decoration. By Sara Pushimaj 

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The tower is considered the symbol of Vigevano. The first construction goes
back to 1198, but it is so called, as Donato Bramante finished it and gave it its
current shape. Bramante was one of the architects working for the duke
Ludovico il Moro and his wife Beatrice who wanted to make of the
tower the official entrance to the castle.
Visitors can reach the first terrace, enclosed by Ghibelline battlements, and
enjoy a spectacular view of the square, of the castle and of the whole town. by Alex Maniezzo.

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Leonardo worked in Vigevano in 1494, as a ducal engineer and he planned the recently restored still working water mill, ”Mora Bassa, the “Molino della Scala”, a stepped construction of flowing water, and other hydraulic works to improve the irrigation system of the surrounding rural area.
By Giovanna Minacapelli

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Warsaw is the biggest Polish agglomeration and the capital of Poland. There are over one and a half billion people living in the city and many more living in the adjacent areas who work, shop, or study in Warsaw. The city is the centre of Polish commercial activity. The biggest Polish companies are located in the city. For this reason, the capital attracts many young people who want to develop their careers there. Warsaw is also a buzzing academic centre, with many higher education facilities such as Warsaw University or Warsaw University of Technology. Many people dream of studying in Warsaw as it offers excellent conditions to study and fun.

Warsaw is located in the centre of Poland on the Mosovian Plain. It is located on the Vistula river, the longest Polish river, which divides the city in half. The city is one of the largest in the European Union. It consists of 11 quarters. The city was severely damaged during the World War II and a large part of historical architecture has been destroyed. Still there are many beautiful objects to be found in Warsaw, such as St. John's Cathedral, The Baths Park, or Wilanów Palace. The most easily recognized piece of Warsaw architecture is The Palace of Culture and Science, a socialist building constructed in 1955. It remains the highest building in the city, with the height of 231 metres and 42 floors. Due to its socialist history and specific looks the palace attracts a lot of resentment among some of the Polish citizens, but still many others recognize it as a piece of history and a trademark of Warsaw.

Warsaw is the only Polish city with an underground system. The inhabitants may also use other forms of mass transport: trams, buses and Urban Rapid Railway. Warsaw is the seat of the most important state institutions of Poland: the parliament and the office of the president.

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Warsaw is the biggest Polish agglomeration and the capital of Poland. There are over one and a half billion people living in the city and many more living in the adjacent areas who work, shop, or study in Warsaw. The city is the centre of Polish commercial activity.

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