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All Muslims believe that Allah chose a man name Muhammad as the prophet of Islam, and that Muhammad is the one who guides Muslims along a path in correlation with the Koran

Both Sunni and Shiite Muslims agree on the fact that moral and ethical code is important and necessary (social justice is seen as a fundamental right)

They both believe in the Five Pillars of Islam

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Their beliefs in who should become the successor to the prophet Muhammad → Shiite’s believed that direct bloodline mattered and that only those of direct relation to Muhammad should be eligible Caliphs of Muhammad

Sunni’s do not place any human being anywhere close to the respectable position of the prophets; not even the Twelve Shiite Imams

Sunni Muslims also believe that no one can intercede between Allah and human beings

Sunni Muslims strongly believe that the redemption of human beings is dependent on faith in Allah

Shiite Muslims are supposedly guaranteed paradise if they obey and follow Muhammad and the Twelve  Imams.

Shiite’s rejected the idea of a Caliphate and instead advocated the idea of having  an ‘Imamate’ → a new guide and/or leader (an Imam is someone who traditionally leads prayers in a mosque setting, a Caliphate is a supreme religious/political leader)

Twelver → centered in Iran and upholds how Muhammad was succeeded by twelve divinely ordained Imams directly descended from him through Ali and his wife Fatima
Isma’ilis Shiism → they accept the first six Twelver Imams, but hold that the son of the sixth Imam, Isma’il, whose descendants continue to the present day, was the rightful succeeding Imam

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Similarities/Differences between Sunni & Shia 

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Similarities/Differences between Sunni & Shia 

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Rites of Passage of Death (what happens when one dies...)

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Rites of Passage of Death (what happens when one dies...)

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Washing of body (Ghusl) and Kafan (shrouding the body) should be done as soon as possible after death

Mourning: family members should mourn for 130 days and non-family members should mourn for 3 days

The body must be cleaned at LEAST 3 times by either the spouse of a family member or the same sex (must be cleaned an odd number of times)

Cleaning of the body states with the upper right side, upper left side, then moves to the lower right and ending on the lower left side

People are wrapped in 3 sheets directly after being cleaned after death

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Most brides do not change their residence, they simply just visit their husbands

Arranged marriages, primarily within the Sunni sect of Islam

It’s like a marriage of convenience

Zawaj marriages are typically intended to be temporary

It is seen as bad because it is a path that seems to occur for a man’s pleasure (void of traditional responsibilities)

Men have little influence over their spouse. This, however, is seen as beneficial to women as they are seen as equal in this relationship for having control in what they want to do and when

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Mahr is what the Quran outlines, while dowries are a social construct

Mahr is a form of a gift that is given from the groom to the bride.

The male has to give the female an amount that is determined by the bride's family

Upholds the religious expectations that are supposed to be followed in marriage

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Rituals and Rites of Passage of Engagement and Marriage 

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Rituals and Rites of Passage of Engagement and Marriage 

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Marriage is seen as a contract in Islam and it takes place after there is a valid offer and acceptance

Marriages are often made by agents acting on behalf of the bride and bridegroom

Traditions carry because of the religions presence around the world

Wedding ceremony would typically consist of reading from the Quran, exchanging vows in front of witnesses, and no religious official is necessary

Very significant and very large → typically publicized on a large scale

Sometimes it is just an arranged introduction

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Mentioned in the hadith

Done for cleanliness

Recommended to be done on the 7th day after birth, but not obligatory

Female Gential mutilation

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Hair Cutting and Slaughtering of Sheep or Goat after birth

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Hair Cutting and Slaughtering of Sheep or Goat after birth

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Shavings the baby’s head happens on the seventh day after birth → helps young boys formally start their journey to manhood

Aqiqah is performed as part of the Sunnah of Muhammed, it is usually performed 7 days after birth and involves sacrificing a goat or sheep

Muhammad gave Aqiqah to his two beloved grandsons

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The first words a newborn Muslim baby should hear is the call to prayer or adhan

Iit should be whispered into the right ear of the child by his or her father

Naming ceremony lasts for 7 days and the baby’s name must be given by the 7th day

Etiquette demands only the husband sees some bodily parts

Muslim baby name is considered an adornment

Females are generally the only people present during a pregnancy/birth

Names have meanings in relation to the good of god

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[Hajj] The pilgrimage is incredibly significant to Muslims manifestation of Islamic faith and unity in the world

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[Hajj] The pilgrimage is incredibly significant to Muslims manifestation of Islamic faith and unity in the world

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[Sawm] Fasting and abstaining from food, drink, and pleasurable acts during daylight times 

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[Sawm] Fasting and abstaining from food, drink, and pleasurable acts during daylight times 

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[Zakat] Alms giving, and charity to the needy and poor from those capable 

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[Zakat] Alms giving, and charity to the needy and poor from those capable 

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[Salat]          The belief that prayer is crucial and that Muslims must pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark. 

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[Salat]          The belief that prayer is crucial and that Muslims must pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark. 

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[Shanahadah]          Profession of Faith, the ultimate belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. 

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[Shanahadah]          Profession of Faith, the ultimate belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. 

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Shia Muslims believe that Fatima should be held in the highest esteem as she is considered the most ideal example for all women. This is largely due to the fact that she is the daughter of the prophet Muhammad and is compassionate and generous. She was also the wife of Ali, who is considered to be the first Imam. On Fatima’s birthday, Shia Muslims go to their local mosque and have a program in her honor

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Shia Celebration of Eid al Ghadir - Muhammad’s Last Sermon

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Shia Celebration of Eid al Ghadir - Muhammad’s Last Sermon

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Muhammad's last sermon is particularly important to Shi’a Muslims because this was the day that Muhammad appointed his successor,  Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first imam. Eid-Allah al-Akbar means the greatest divine holiday, and the day highlights how the sermon was performed in Mecca, where over 70,000 people followed him to. Muhammad said in this sermon, “To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their Mawla.”

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Celebrated by Shia's on the tenth day of Muḥarram (Ashura), the first month in the Islamic calendar. Ashura, for most Shia's, marks the climax of the Remembrance of Muharram, and commemorates the death of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The celebration is marked with mourning rituals and passion plays re-enacting the martyrdom, where Shia men and women dress in black and parade through the streets slapping their chests and chanting.

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Mawlid al Nabi - Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday

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Mawlid al Nabi - Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday

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Mawlid al Nabi translates directly to “Birth of the Prophet”, and both Sunni and Shia Muslims celebrate the birthday of Muhammad. Its celebrated in Rabi’ al-awwal which is the third month in the Islamic calendar. Poetry and songs are recited and sung to crowds to honor Muhammad and it's overall celebrated very similar to a big carnival. Stories of the life of Muhammad are narrated all throughout as well.

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The festival is celebrated by both Sunni's and Shi'as. The story behind the festival focuses on how Ibrahim/Abraham in the bible and his wife were given a child in their old age, and Allah asked Ibrahim to sacrifice his child as a testament of love to Him. In celebration of Ibrahim’s love for God and this ultimate act of devotion, Muslims honour this by sacrificing an animal on Eid al-Adha every year. Thus, this ritual celebrates the culmination of the pilgrimage (hajj) and reminds Muslims that they should be willing to sacrifice anything and everything for Allah. During the festival, the red meat from the sacrifice made earlier in the day which is often roasted, barbecued or made into a curry.

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Eid al-Fitr - The "Fast Breaking Festival"

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Eid al-Fitr - The "Fast Breaking Festival"

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It is the last day of Ramadan in which all Muslims celebrate the month of fasting. Eid al-Fitr literally translates to “Feast of Fast Breaking", and It is a rejuvenation of the religion and creates a stronger bond between the Muslim and Allah. Typically lasts three days. Every day there is a big feast and lots of gift giving, especially to the poor/needy.

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Karbala is another city in Iraq that, again, holds a shrine for Husayn bin Ali (the grandson of Muhammad). It is tradition for older Muslims travel there and await death, believing it to be a gateway to paradise.

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It is a city in southern Iraq that holds the shrine of Ali (or Muhammad's son-in-law)/the first imam of Shia Islam. Because it holds the shrine of Ali, Shia's believe it is a holy place made special for Shiite Muslims. It's been noted that Abraham also predicted that Nafaj would host a great shrine

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Only and all Muslims are welcome to participate in the Hajj, at Mecca. It is strongly encouraged that one goes at least once in their lifetime. Hajj is designed to promote the bonds of Islamic brotherhood and sisterhood by showing that in Allah’s eyes, everyone is equal. It cccurs in the month of Dhul Hijjah, the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar (2022 = July 7th  - July 12th ). Additionally, all Muslims participating in the Hajj are required to be in a state of halal.

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Both Sunni's and Shia's fast during Ramadan as a way to obey God, learn self-discipline, and become spiritually stronger. They abstain from eating food and consuming liquids during daylight hours. It is obligatory for all, apart from those who are below 12 years old, very sick, very old, or pregnant. Additionally, it is one of the longer celebrated rituals as it lasts the entirety of the ninth month in the Islamic calendar (29/30 days. 2022 = April 2 - May 2)

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It is an obligatory payment ordained by Allah in which every free, mentally-stable, and financially able male/female donate around 2.5% percent of their earnings each lunar year to the needy. It is considered obligatory for both Sunni and Shia Muslims

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All Muslims perform Salat as they believe that it was ordered by Allah. Sunni's, however, strictly pray 5 times a day whereas Shi'as often combine prayers and only prayer 3 times a day

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Both the Sunni's and Shi'as know the Shahada as a declaration of faith that they both repeat multiple times a day. They both repeat the phrase "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah". However, Shi'as add onto the declaration by saying, "And Ali is the friend of God." Both Sunni's and Shi'as are strongly encouraged to recite the Shahadah at birth and before death.

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Major festivals for both the Sunnis and Shias

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Major festivals for both the Sunnis and Shias