# data[].attributes.body
Q:1
-did a good job at highlighting the importance of faculty student interaction and to further this, that office hours are an extension of translating the importance of this interaction into a moldable model.

-it stressed that effectiveness of office hours lead to greater learning outcomes and success rates for students as well as heighten students' confidence in their intellectual

ability.

-specified exactly what office hours should be used for/in what manner in order to make them most helpful.
Q:2
-the point of office hours/the focus is misconstrued by students and this poses the issue that students are missing out on something very beneficial to themselves because they don't fully understand the concept of office hours in the first place.
Q:3
-the institution that offers such help might be less than welcoming and even intimidating which might shed the wrong light on it.

-it might be understood that the institution just values your grades, and cares less about the students individualized experiences/their successes
Q:4
-Possibility of establishing networking connections, forming relationships.

-it highlights that students can and should optimize their learning and success through a simple shift in perspective on something as simple as office hours.

Weaknesses:
-only included 1 educational institution which limits the scope of study
-one instance of language that could be more concise
-did not offer a concrete and detailed solution to the problem.

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There is a recommendation for future research. It recommends that we should see whether a faculty's perception of office hours impacts the student's use and how new technologies will impact office hours.

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Sources are relevant, however they are not recent. Some sources date back to as old as 1982.

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The article talks about the benefits of student-faculty interaction and the literature review goes over already existing conversations around office hours, though more empirical research could be done. The literature proves that office hours boost students' intellectual confidence, encourages them to think about their future, boost student involvement, and result in more effective learning. However, students aren't aware of these benefits.

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The implications of this study aren't specifically identified as implications, however, the benefits of the study are identified and explained as it pertains to the entire body of research and recommendations are made based off of the findings.

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Article addresses some limitations of the data from their obtained research but did not address those that I'd consider most important. It didn't acknowledge the unique environment of the titular college vs. others across the world, across the nation, with different educational focuses, with different cultural environments, etc. The limitations it did address were oddly specific in nature, such as focusing on students interested in academia vs. students who were not. These limitations felt niche as compared to the limitations that the conclusion ignored entirely.

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A hypothesis was not specifically restated in the conclusion which could be viewed as a weak point for the article. However, the author referenced the previous hypothesis in discussing the benefits of office hours and the recommendations going forward

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Underuse of office hours thus undermines a real and important site for the
kinds of interactions that can facilitate student success. Do students see such potential in office hours? Do their understandings of office hours shape how they use them?

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Used 100 responses out of the valid 724 to develop a code - May help narrow down the common themes. Possible time restraint??

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Students’ self-reported class standings were well-distributed: 18 percent
freshman, 26 percent sophomore, 29 percent junior, and 27 percent senior.
Respondents’ self-reported racial identities are representative of the undergraduate
student body of the university—66 percent White, 11 percent African American, 15
percent Asian American, and 7 percent Hispanic.

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Yes, some of the results are linked back to other literature reviews. There are references back to sources.

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Students reported anonymously through a survey. This may contribute to a more accurate representation of the data.

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The claims made by the author in the conclusion are supported by the data provided in the results section and the recommendations made are supported by the findings

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There is a gap in academia in regards to students' understanding of office hours vs. institutions' intended use.

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The author explains multiple reasons why students don't attend office hours, and backs this up with responses from the research participants

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The last group of participants gave credit to the approachability of the professor to a main reason as to why they do not use office hours. As well some participants concluded that going to office hours to introduce ideas and concerns regarding the corse and felt as if this interaction could be intimidating.

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The data was collected from undergraduate students ( 18 years or older ), from large public universities in the spring of 2023.

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Strengths:
-Demographics of the study lined up with the overarching demographics of the university. Classes were equally represented.

Weaknesses:
-We would like to see this study replicated across many different universities.
-Why did they choose the specific questions for the survey that ended up choosing?

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The author generalizes beyond their sample to incorporate all students, professors, and universities. These claims are presented by using phrases such as "higher educations institutions need to...", "administrators also need to...", "instructors should," and "students can benefit..."

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The research questions have been identified, the article seeks to find if underused office hours undermine the actual goal in facilitating student success.

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With the abundant use of technology that is involved within the education system there were some of the participants who devalued the in-person office hours and opted to asking their question through an email because the question was simple enough.

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Some participants within the study only deemed office hours a necessity in rare cases of emergencies. There would be no need for going unless there was a serious crisis with the content.