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Description: Industrialization began in Britain in the 1700s with new factory systems. It spread across Britain as new machines increased production of textiles and iron.

Effects: People moved to cities for factory jobs, which led to overpopulated cities. This created a system with poorer people with poor working class conditions. Pollution also increased.

Inventions:

- Steam Engine

- Spinning Jenny

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Description: Other countries in Europe, like Germany and France, started building factories in the 1800s. Later, they used new things like electricity.

Effects: Fueled economic growth and colonialism, but also created deep class divides and social unrest.

Technology:

- Electric Generator

- Bessemer Process

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Description: After the Civil War, the U.S. grew its factories very fast, using its own natural resources. The Transcontinental Railroad helped connect the whole country.

Effects: The U.S. became a world leader in making goods. Cities grew quickly, but many workers, including immigrants, faced low pay and difficult jobs.

Technology:

- Transcontinental Railroad

- The Cotton Gin

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Description: The Russian government started building factories and large projects, like the Trans Siberian Railway, in the late 1800s.

Effects: This helped modernize the country, but workers helped cause the Russian Revolution.

Technology:

- Trans-Siberian Railway

- Locomotives

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Description: After 1868, Japan's new government quickly copied Western ideas to build factories and new technology.

Effects: Japan went from an old fashioned society to a powerful modern country. Cities grew, and Japan became a military power.

Technology:

- Modern Silk Machinery

- Shipbuilding

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Description: These places were controlled by European countries, which stopped them from building their own factories. Instead, they had to provide raw materials to European factories.

Effects: The local economies were hurt, and the people became very dependent on their European rulers.

Raw Material:

- Raw Cotton

- Jute

- Opium

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Description: In the early 1800s, Egypt tried to build its own factories for cotton. But money problems and European pressure caused it to fail.

Effects: Egypt ended up just growing and selling cotton to Europe, which made its economy weak. The was in debt and later taken over by Britain.

Raw Material:

- Cotton

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Description: Most of Africa did not have its own industrial revolution. European powers took control and used Africa for its natural resources.

Effects: This led to the abuse of Africa's resources and harmed local businesses. New roads and railways helped Europeans take things, not help the locals.

Technology:

- Maxim Gun

- Palm Oil

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Description: Industrialization was slow and happened later in South America. Countries mainly sold raw materials like minerals and crops.

Effects: The economy depended on what other countries would pay for their raw goods.

Raw Material:

- Copper

- Nitrates