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Energy Reform (2013-2014): This debate was promoted by the government of President Enrique Peña Nieto. The opening of the Mexican energy sector to private and foreign investment was discussed.

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Fight against Drug Trafficking (From the 2000s to the present): This debate has involved several Mexican presidents, including Felipe Calderón and Enrique Peña Nieto, as well as the current president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Security strategies, drug legalization and corruption have been discussed.

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Educational Reform (2013-2019): Promoted by the government of Enrique Peña Nieto, this reform generated an intense debate between the federal government, teachers unions and various sectors of society. Andrés Manuel López Obrador has promoted an educational counter-reform since his presidency in 2018.

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Corruption (Historically, but especially from 2012 onwards): This debate has been constant in Mexican politics. In recent years, figures like López Obrador have promoted a fight against corruption as a central part of their political agendas.

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Economic Inequality (From the 1980s to the present): It has been a recurring theme in Mexican politics, especially in electoral campaigns. There has been debate about fiscal policies, social programs and measures to reduce the gap between rich and poor.

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Human Rights (From the 1960s to the present): There have been various debates about human rights in Mexico, especially in relation to violence, impunity and discrimination. Civil society organizations, activists and academics have been key actors in these debates.

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University Autonomy (Historically, but especially in 1999 and 2018): The autonomy of public universities has been defended and discussed on several occasions, with reforms and modification proposals at different times. The UNAM and the IPN have been centers of these debates.

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Political Reform (From the 1990s to the present): Various political reforms have been carried out in Mexico, including the electoral reform of 2014. These reforms have been discussed and negotiated by various political actors.

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Relation with the United States (Historically, but especially from 2016 to the present): The relationship with the United States has been the subject of constant debate, especially on issues such as migration, trade, and border security. Mexican presidents and their administrations have played key roles in these debates.

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Indigenous Autonomy (From the 1990s to the present): Recognition and respect for the rights of indigenous peoples has been a topic of debate in Mexico, especially in relation to inclusion policies, community development and cultural preservation. Indigenous organizations and human rights defenders have led these debates.