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Una historia sobre un guardián del bosque que enfrenta la destrucción ambiental y la censura de su mensaje.

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Basado en una historia real de dos pingüinos machos en el zoológico de Central Park que crían a un polluelo juntos, este libro ha sido objeto de intentos de censura.

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Un cuento que trata sobre la discriminación y la importancia de la igualdad, a menudo censurado por sus temas sensibles.

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Un cuento algo surrealista que ha enfrentado censura debido a sus ilustraciones.

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Una guía simple sobre la libertad de información y la censura, adaptada para niños.

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The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is the implementation of legislative authority to certain public information access in the United States. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 4, 1966 and later amended in 2002. The FOIA allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the U.S. Government. The Act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory disclosure procedures and grants nine exemptions to the statute. The FOIA explicitly applies only to federal government agencies, and does not create a right of access to records held by Congress, the courts, or by state or local government agencies. To retrieve state and local records, each state has its own public access laws.

The federal government agencies are under several mandates to comply with public solicitation of information. Along with making public and accessible all bureaucratic and technical procedures for applying for documents from that agency, agencies are also subject to penalties for hindering the process of a petition for information. If "agency personnel acted arbitrarily or capriciously with respect to the withholding, [a] Special Counsel shall promptly initiate a proceeding to determine whether disciplinary action is warranted against the officer or employee who was primarily responsible for the withholding." In this way, there is recourse for any entity (individual or organization) seeking information to go to a Federal court if suspicion of illegal tampering or delayed sending of records exists. There are however nine exemptions, ranging from protection of national security to personal privacy, which in all cases, the President has a high level of discretionary power in declaring information off-limits or necessarily classified in the concern of sensitive national interests. For complete

However, it is in the exemptions to solicitation of information under these acts that problems and discrepancies arise. The nine exemptions to the FOIA address issues of sensitivity and personal rights. For a complete description of the exemptions and full disclosure of the Freedom of Information Act, refer to Title 5 of the United States Code (Website link to document), Section 552:

1. Information established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and properly classified pursuant to such Executive order;

2. Information related solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of an agency;

3. Information specifically exempted from disclosure by statute;

4. Privileged or confidential trade secrets, commercial or financial information;

5. Inter-agency or intra-agency memoranda or letters which would not be available by law to a party other than by litigation;

6. Personnel, medical, and similar files which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

7. Certain records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes;

8. Reports prepared by, on behalf of, or for the use of an agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of financial institutions; or

9. Specific geological and geophysical information and data.

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The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is the implementation of legislative authority to certain public information access in the United States. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 4, 1966 and later amended in 2002. The FOIA allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the U.S.

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Explicación básica de por qué algunos libros son censurados, adecuada para niños pequeños.

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Although the US government has engaged in small levels of book banning throughout its history, most books are banned or challenged on a more local scale.

"Challenging" a book is the attempt to ban a book from a library, school district, institution, organization, government entity, retailer, or publisher based on its content. Challenges can either result in the book being banned or they can be overturned and the book remains in circulation at the organization.

For example, a school might choose not to carry a book in its library, or a bookseller might refuse to sell a certain book, or a library might try to expunge a book from its collection. But official ordinances and rules that "ban" books are extremely difficult to make stick on any large scale in the United States because of our First Amendment rights to free speech and free press.

However, attempts to ban books have made their way to the Supreme Court.

Most notably, in Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982), the Supreme Court split on the issue of whether local school boards could legally remove library books from schools without violating the First Amendment. Four Justices ruled that it was unconstitutional, four Justices concluded that it was, and one Justice concluded this was not a case the Supreme Court should rule upon. Pico was the first Supreme Court case to consider the right to receive information in a library setting under the First Amendment, but the court's indecision resulted in an unclear precedent. Lower courts have also grappled with book banning such as the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida, Inc. v. Miami-Dade County School Board (2009) case, in whicha Court of Appeals ruled that the School Board could indeed ban a book from its libraries if it was "factually inaccurate and thus educationally unsuitable."

As of 2020, the top ten reasons books were challenged or banned, according to the American Library Association, included:

1. sexual content (92.5% percent of books on the list)

2. offensive language (61.5%)

3. unsuited to age group (49%)

4. religious viewpoint (26%)

5. LGBTQIA+ content (23.5%)

6. violence (19%)

7. racism (16.5%)

8. use of illegal substances (12.5%)

9. "anti-family" content (7%)

10. political viewpoint (6.5%)

"Whoever would overthrow the liberty of a nation must begin by subduing the freeness of speech."
Benjamin Franklin

Learn More!
What is the First Amendment? Virtual First Amendment Exhibits Educator Resources about the First Amendment Watch: First Amendment Interviews, Lectures, Virtual Tour, and more!

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How Do Books Get Banned? - First Amendment Museum

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Learn about how books get banned and challenged in the United States.