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Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. It is caused by bacteria and is often referred to as a “silent infection” because many people do not notice any symptoms. Even when symptoms do appear, they can be mild and easily overlooked, which makes regular testing important for early detection

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What is chlamydia? | Infectious diseases | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy

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Women with chlamydia may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, and discomfort during sexual activity. Some may also have bleeding between periods, fever, or nausea in more severe cases. Pain or a burning sensation during urination is also common. However, many women may not experience any symptoms at all, allowing the infection to go unnoticed.

Men with chlamydia may notice discharge from the penis, as well as burning or itching in the urethra. Pain during urination is also common, and some men may experience pain or swelling in the testicles. Similar to women, many men may not show any symptoms, which increases the risk of unknowingly spreading the infection.

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If a pregnant person has chlamydia, the infection can be passed to the baby during childbirth. In newborns, this can lead to health issues such as conjunctivitis (an eye infection), pneumonia, and low birth weight. Early detection and treatment during pregnancy can help reduce these risks.

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What Happens if Chlamydia Goes Untreated?

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What Happens if Chlamydia Goes Untreated?

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If chlamydia is left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. In women, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. In men, it may lead to fertility issues and ongoing pain. Untreated chlamydia also increases the risk of spreading the infection to others. Because symptoms are often mild or absent, regular testing and early treatment are essential to prevent long-term damage.

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Chlamydia is treatable and curable with antibiotics. Doctors commonly prescribe medications such as doxycycline or azithromycin for adults. Symptoms typically improve within one to two weeks after starting treatment. Newborns can also be treated with appropriate antibiotics under medical supervision. It is important for patients to complete the full course of medication and avoid sexual activity until the infection has fully cleared.

Chlamydia can be prevented by practicing safe sex and taking protective measures. Using condoms during vaginal, anal, and oral sex significantly reduces the risk of transmission. Regular STI testing is also important, especially for sexually active individuals. Limiting the number of sexual partners and ensuring that both partners are tested and treated if necessary can further reduce the risk of infection.