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Classical Conditioning: Stimulus that was once neutral but now leads to a response.

Operant Conditioning: A type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follow that behavior.

Social Observational Learning: Learning is the product of the interactions of biological, psychological & social cultural influences.

Personal Anecdote

Classical conditioning- When I first got my dog 4 years ago he was confused when we tried putting a leash on him, since he was a puppy he didn’t know that we were trying to take him on a walk. Now when he hear’s the leash he rushes over to us and gets excited to go. This can be an example of Retrieving.

Retrieving- The process of getting or recalling information that has been placed into short term or long term storage.

Operant Conditioning- Growing up math was always really hard for me and the night before a test my dad would help me study and encouraged me to keep studying because if I did good on my test I would get ice cream that night. When I did good on my test I was rewarded with ice cream. This can be an example of storing.

Storing- Process of placing encoded information into relatively permanent mental storage for larger recall.

Social Observational Learning- When I was little my parents always spent a lot of time working in the yard. My dad works as a designer for backyards so he’s very passionate about his backyard. I learned how to take care of the outside and my back yard through the actions of my parents. This can be an example of memory.

Memory- Ability to retain information over time through these processes, encoding, forming, storing, and retrieving.

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Classical Conditioning-

Over time will my dog react differently if he hears his leash?

If I pull out his leash every time to go on a walk then he will realize that that sound means its time to go on a walk.

Overtime as I pull the leash out of the bin around the same time of the day (after school) Homer will realize that it’s time to go on his daily walk. This would be an example of cognitive learning.

Cognitive learning- About how we think and understand

Operant Conditioning-

If I work hard to get good grades and get a reward is that my motivation to work hard?

As I continue to study hard for my math tests and do good will I get ice cream as a reward.

If I work hard everyday and study a few days before my math test and then take the test and get a good grade, my dad will reward me with an ice cream treat. This would be an example of behavioral learning.

Behavioral learning- Focuses on how we learn behaviors from our environment.

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1. I was really looking forward to my weekend because I had plans with my friend that I haven’t seen in a while. Sadly, my friend has to cancel the plans because something came up. Not long after that, I found out she canceled the plans because she didn’t want to see me not because she had something come up.

Unconditioned stimulus- Plans being canceled

Unconditioned response- Being hurt the plans got canceled

Neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned stimulus- Finding out she didn’t want to hangout with me

Conditioned response- Being sad

2. After I do a workout I like to come home and lay on my floor to cool off and relax my body. One time when I came back home from my workout to lay on my floor I heard a crack. I got up and lifted the rug to find out the floor was cracking. After that I moved to a different spot of my rug and decided still lay down. Soon after that I heard another crack and decided to get up.

Unconditioned stimulus- Floor cracking

Unconditioned response- Getting up and moving the rug

Neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned stimulus- Floor cracking again in another spot

Conditioned response- Getting up for the last time

My friend Becca’s new cat is still getting used to her feeding schedule. Her cat wants to eat all the time! Soon the cat learns that when Becca put her food bowl down and clapped her hands the cat could release and go to eat the bowl of food.

Unconditional stimulus- Putting the bowl of food down

Unconditioned response- Cat sitting in place

Neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned stimulus- The clapping

Conditioned response- Cat sitting in place before getting her food

Unconditioned Stimulus- Stimulus or trigger that leads to an automatic response.

Unconditional response- Automatic response or a response that occurs without thought when an us is present.

Neutral stimulus- Can turn into a conditional stimulus over time.

Conditioned Response- Learned response or response that is created where no response existed before.

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Section 4- Social Observational Learning 

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Section 4- Social Observational Learning 

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Learning how a specific person is by looking at their behavior.

1. How they act

2. Do they look tired

3. Do they look fit

4. Are they being respectful

5. What they are focusing on

6. Are they smiling

7. Are they helping someone

8. Are they listening to others

9. Are they interrupting someone

10. Are they being kind

11. Are they telling jokes

12. Are they asking for help

13. Are they eating/drinking

14. How is their body language

15. Who they talk to

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Positive reinforcement- Telling someone they did a good job after doing a certain task. So then as they keep doing it they think they are doing something good because you keep telling them that.

Positive reinforcement- Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with a desirable event or state.

Negative reinforcement- During the winter when it’s cold and you get ice on your windows you learn to keep an ice scraper in the back of your car to scrape the ice every morning so you can see where your going.

Negative reinforcement- Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by following it with the removal of an undesirable event or state.

Positive punishment- Every time I fight with my siblings I get my phone taken away.

Positive punishment- Presents an unfavorable event or outcome in order to weaken the response.

Negative punishment- When I remove a girl from playing during a volleyball game for not paying attention. Then when she goes in again she pays attention and plays well.

Negative punishment- Occurs when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs.

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Behaviorism in the Classroom-

A Russian physiologist discovered that his dogs could learn to anticipate elements of an experimental design. He discovered that over time the dogs were salivating before they received any food. This is called classical conditioning. Pavlov used a bell in one of his conditions, every time dogs got the food and started salivating to the bell sound. In order to reach this point in the experiment he had to do some basic research. In operant conditioning the organism behaves in order to get a reward or stop behaving to avoid a punishment. We can give something to the organism called positive or negative reinforcement. This experiment can be an example of a correlational study as well as applied research. This is similar to what BF Skinner studied and found out.

BF Skinner- Learning determines whether a consequence will be a reinforcement or punishment.

Correlational study- Finding the strength of a relationship between 2 variables.

Applied research- Focuses on providing practical solutions to a specific problem.

Basic research- Aimed at improving or expanding the knowledge base of a particular study.

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The importance of learning theory in everyday life because it helps us learn how people learn, grow and their behavior. This understanding of humans can make us better at teaching, solving problems, and getting the hang of new situations. Learning theory shows us that behavior can be shaped by environment, experiences, and how we are rewarded or punished. This understanding can help make positive changes in our lives parts of the brain that help with this learning are the right and left hemisphere. It’s also important to make sure you have a good retrieval of your memory in order to know how someone acts. All in all, learning theory connects what we learn and how to act making it important to understand.

Behavior- observable action or reaction that can be seen and measured including things people do or say.

Learning- A relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from experience.

Right hemisphere- Nonverbal creativity, emotional response, recognizes faces.

Left hemisphere- Language, movement, analysis, logic, memorization.

Retrieval- Bringing the memory back from long term memory.