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Judiciary act of 1789: Established the U.S federal judiciary system creating the supreme court, district courts and circuit courts. It defined their jurisdictions and position of attorney general.

Bill of rights- 1791: creation of the first ten amendments to the U.S constitution. They protect fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press, etc. Ensuring the liberty of individuals and limit the government's power over citizens.

Whiskey rebellion- 1794: A protest by Pennsylvania farmers against a federal tax on whiskey. President George Washington led troops to suppress it, showing the federal governments strength in enforcing laws.

MEME explanation- Showing how Washington had to set the standard for other presidents since he was the first. In the picture he is looking serious because to demonstrate how important his role was.

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The Louisiana purchase- 1803: Land deal between the United States and France that was negotiated by Thomas Jefferson. This purchase doubled the size of United States expanding its territory and resources.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition- 1804-1806: Journey where Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana territory in order to map the land and find a route to the Pacific Ocean. The journey expanded knowledge of the American west.

The Embargo Act- 1807: A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports in order to pressure Britain and France to respect American neutrality during the Napoleonic wars. It ended up hurting the U.S economy worse than European powers and was eventually repealed.

MEME explanation- This meme emphasizes Jeffersons accomplishment in expanding the U.S through the Louisiana purchase. The picture is supposed to depict him looking proud.

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The war of 1812- 1812-1815: War between U.S and great Britan over trade restrictions, impressment of sailors, and British support of native Americans. It ended with the treaty of Ghent, restoring pre-war boundaries.

The Hartford Convention- 1814-1815: New England delegates get together to discuss the grievances from the war of 1812 and federal power, proposing constitutional amendments. It weakened the federalist party by perceived disloyalty.

The battle of New Orleans- 1815: Final major battle of the war of 1812 where American forces successfully defended New Orleans against large British force. Victory boosted American moral and made Jackson a national hero. The battle happened after treaty of Ghent had been signed because the news had not yet reached combatants.

MEME explanation- The meme showcases Madisons contributions to the foundation of the U.S government and his leadership as president by mentioning him as the "father of the constitution." In the picture he is supposed to be shown looking determined.

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The panic of 1819- 1819: first major financial crisis in the United States that caused bank failures, foreclosures, and high unemployment rates. It was due to a drop in cotton prices and risky banking practices. Many Americans started to distrust banks and the federal government's economic policies during this event.

The Missouri compromise- 1820: significant legislative agreement that allowed Missouri to enter union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. This maintained the balance in the senate and banned slavery in the north of the 36-degree 30 latitude line of the Louisiana purchase territory.

The Monroe Doctrine- 1823- : U.S policy stating that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S intervention. Make clear that western hemisphere was no longer open for European colonization and that U.S would stay out of European internal affairs.

MEME explanation- It highlights the Monroe Doctrine and shows Monroe looking confident in the picture to depict the strong stance he took to protect the Western Hemisphere