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The Scientific Revolution was about putting an emphasis on abstract reasoning, critical thinking, understanding how nature works and viewing it as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.

The scientific revolution impacted medicine because vaccines came out that helped with preventing smallpox, and helped remove old anesthetics which helped make operations less painful and advanced surgery and dentistry.

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John Locke is best known for his ideas is politics, philosophy, natural rights, and the social contract

His significance in medicine & public health is that he emphasized the importance of observation and experience over just speculation. He also believed that the government should protect citizen's health.

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This is Isaac Newton, He is best known for his discoveries in optics, mathematics, and his formulation of the three laws of motion which resulted in the law of universal gravitation.

Newton's laws of motion and the development of calculus has helped to create medical instruments and technology.

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Cotton Mather was best known as a Puritan minister, writer, and scholar in colonial New England. He’s especially remembered for his role in the Salem witch trials and for promoting smallpox inoculation

Cotton Mather helped public health by promoting smallpox inoculation in Boston in 1721. He learned the method from Onesimus, an enslaved African, and convinced a doctor to try it. This saved many lives and was an early step toward modern vaccination.

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A European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in challenged ideas of God, reason, nature and humanity. The Enlightenment also emphasized the use of reason.

The Enlightenment helped contribute to medicine and public health through scientific advancements and a better understanding of disease by using observation and classification.

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Montesquieu is best known for his theory of the separation of powers

Montesquieu thought climate affects people’s health and that governments should keep citizens safe and healthy. His idea of separating powers helped make health laws fair. Even though some ideas are old, they still influence public health today

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He is best known for defending free speech, religious tolerance, and the use of reason

Voltaire helped public health by promoting reason, science, and social reform. He criticized poor living conditions like poverty and bad sanitation, supported early vaccination, and encouraged open scientific debate, all of which helped improve health and medicine

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He is best known for being a founding father of the United States, a scientist and inventor, and a writer and diplomat.

Benjamin Franklin helped people stay healthy by supporting clean water, good hygiene, smallpox vaccination, and starting hospitals and fire departments. His inventions and experiments also helped medicine

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau is best known for his ideas on the social contract, the natural goodness of humans, and education based on experience rather than strict instruction.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, while not a doctor, helped shape public health ideas by connecting health to society and the environment. In Emile, he encouraged good hygiene and healthy habits, and he spoke out against poor living conditions, influencing efforts to improve people’s health

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John hunter was best known for his contribution to surgical dentistry

His significance in medicine is that he collected lots of human and animal skeletons, bones and body parts. He encouraged doctors to learn and study the anatomy of humans and animals to help their understanding of how the body works.

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Colonial sanitation laws in New York were early rules made in the mid-1700s to keep streets cleaner, manage waste, and improve public health.

Colonial sanitation laws in New York helped public health by showing that cleaning streets, removing waste, and improving water could prevent sickness. These rules were an early step toward creating public health departments, collecting health data, and reducing deadly diseases over time.

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During the American Revolution, George Washington began mass smallpox inoculations of Continental Army soldiers in 1777 to stop outbreaks and keep his troops healthy.

Smallpox inoculations during the American Revolution saved many soldiers’ lives and stopped big outbreaks. It was one of the first big public health actions in America, showed leaders could fight disease on a large scale, and helped people accept vaccines later on.

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The Declaration of Independence, ratified on July 4, 1776, announced that the thirteen American colonies were breaking away from British rule to form a new, independent nation.

The Declaration of Independence let the new U.S. government make laws to keep people healthy. The “general welfare” idea later allowed funding for hospitals, sanitation, and public health programs.

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The Bill of Rights, ratified on December 15, 1791, is the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. It guaranteed individual freedoms such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to fair legal treatment.

he Bill of Rights let people advocate for health and safety, helping the government support hospitals and public health programs.

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