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Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediments (pieces of rocks, minerals, or organic matter) are compressed and cemented together over time. These rocks often contain fossils and form in layers called strata. Common examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.

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Check out these beautiful examples of sedimentary rocks! The Grand Canyon's layers are a perfect showcase of sedimentary rock formation over millions of years. You can clearly see the distinct horizontal layers that are characteristic of these rocks.

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Igneous rocks form when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. The cooling process can happen either below ground (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive). Examples include granite, obsidian, and pumice. The size of crystals in igneous rocks depends on how quickly the magma cools.

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Here are some common igneous rocks you might encounter. Notice the crystalline structure in granite and the glass-like appearance of obsidian. These different textures tell us about how quickly the rocks cooled!

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Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure, causing changes in their mineral structure without melting completely. This process can transform sedimentary or igneous rocks into new forms. Examples include marble (from limestone) and slate (from shale).

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Look at these stunning metamorphic rocks! Notice the bands in gneiss and the shiny layers in schist. These distinct patterns and textures are created by the intense pressure and heat during metamorphism.

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This comprehensive diagram shows how the three rock types are connected through the rock cycle. It demonstrates how rocks can change from one type to another through various Earth processes. Perfect for helping students visualize these transformations!

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Here's a helpful guide for identifying rocks in the field! Remember to look for:
- Layering (sedimentary)
- Crystal size and structure (igneous)
- Banding and foliation (metamorphic)
Use these characteristics along with the rock's color, texture, and hardness to determine its type.