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How did the French Colonize/ how did the Vietnamese resist. 

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How did the French Colonize/ how did the Vietnamese resist. 

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French

French colonized Vietnam to open their trading routes to the world, majority being China. Since Vietnam (I'll mention it as Indochina from now on) has close boarders with China, the French thought Indochina would be a good place to store their goods from the mother country, and also produce products such as rice and spice to trade.

How did they colonize Indochina

On August 1858, the French military led by Napoleon III attacked Da Nang and turned the land into a military base, shortly after, they attacked Saigon in February 1859. The reason for this simple defeat of the Vietnamese was because of the large military power that French occupied. French naval commander Rigault de Genouilly attacked Tourane (Da Nang) with 14 vessels and 2,500 men in August 1858, demonstrating significant naval strength.

How did Vietnam resist the Colonization

look at chi long's resistance on the right

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Importance of Rice to French:

As said earlier, French used the Rice as their economical income resource more than eating them by themselves. Importing and exporting rice has become a important part of their money income.

Minerals and Rubber

Minerals and rubber was important for the French because they wanted to create further mechanical forces. Rubbers could transform into tires for tanks, and minerals could play as a significant part in guns and other parts.

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French and the natural resources they were trying to get. 

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French and the natural resources they were trying to get. 

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Rice:

Indochina was one of the major resources for Rice. Digital history states that the French were more interested in making profit by selling rice than consuming it by themselves. Therefore, they increased Vietnam's rice produce til they ranked in the top 3 rice producing countries back then by using the land confiscated by non- tax payers as additional farm lands or rice planting. The french also hired the owners of these lands to labor for the rice planting/ harvesting.

Rubber:

The French needed rubber for their further development in technology. However, rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) was not native to any places in southeast Asia. Therefore, the French introduced the tree to the native citizens so that they use their land and plant them.

Minerals:

Besides rice and rubber, the French also sought to exploit the region's mineral resources, such as coal, tin, and zinc.

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A resource war is a type of war caused by conflict over resources. In a resource war, there is typically a nation or group that controls the resource and an aggressor that wishes to seize control over said resource. This power dynamic between nations has been a significant underlying factor in conflicts since the late 19th century. Following the rise of industrialization, the amount of raw materials an industrialized nation uses to sustain its activities is heightened.

Illustration of the Chincha Islands of Peru, circa 1859

One of the most prolific examples of resource war in history is the conflict over Chincha Island guano in the late 19th century. The Chincha Islands of Peru are situated off of the southern coast of Peru, where many seabirds were known to roost and prey on fish brought there by the currents of the Pacific Ocean. The guano of these seabirds is incredibly dense in nutrients and became a sought-after resource as a fertilizer. Soil that was nutrient rich allowed for higher crop yields, which subsequently translated to better sustenance of the population and overall improved economic performance. Known colloquially as "white gold", guano from the Chincha Islands began to catch the interest of Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other industrial powers at the time.

The international interest for that resource resulting in a number of conflicts including the Chincha Islands War between Spain and Peru and the War of the Pacific between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Although the primary inciting force of the conflict originated over possession of the nutrient-rich guano, Spain also attempted to exercise prior colonial control over Peru during its aggressions during this conflict. The Chincha Islands guano became a resource of imperialism with foreign nations inciting conflict and establishing dominion over it. In 1856, United States President Franklin Pierce passed the Guano Islands Act with the exclusive purpose of addressing American scarcity over guano. Under the Guano Islands Act, any piece of uninhabited land that harbors a guano deposit could be claimed as a territory of the United States to extract the resource. The legislation acted as a workaround for the United States to access Peruvian seabird guano since direct trade was not an option because of a treaty between Peru and the United Kingdom.

Under the geopolitical lens for interpreting resource wars, the main rationale behind resource conflict is strategic. It assumes that control over the resource provides a particular advantage to that nation and interprets hostile attempts to take over the resource as a means to acquire that advantage for themselves. Resources that are deemed strategic shift over time and pertain to what is required for economic expansion or success at the time. Examples of this include timber during the seventeenth century for naval development or oil during the twentieth century onward for enabling military technology and transportation.

Dr. Thomas Homer-Dixon at an NDP convention in British Columbia, circa 2007

Also known as the environmental scarcity or political economy, the environmental security perspective interprets resource conflict as a response to resource scarcity. A notable proponent of the environmental security perspective is Dr. Thomas Homer-Dixon, a Canadian political scientist and professor at the University of Waterloo. The work of Homer-Dixon focuses on two different phenomena regarding the effect of resources on violent conflict: resource scarcity and resource abundance. Under the environmental security perspective, resource scarcity perpetuates conflict by inciting pressures on a society that is dealing with resource deprivation. According to Homer-Dixon, populations struggling with resource scarcity are also impacted by overpopulation and inequitable resource allocation. Overpopulation and inequitable resource allocation can make resource scarcity even more pronounced, creating a cyclical instability in the society.

Conversely, countries with natural resource abundance are impacted in a different way. Countries that are wealthy in resources have been shown to have disproportionate economic growth, less democracy, and overall insufficient development outcomes. This permeates from an overdependence on their resource from an economic standpoint, where authoritarian traits may begin to take effect. This creates pressure on the citizens as a whole due to undermined governance of the nation and volatile economic state if the resource fluctuates heavily in price. This phenomenon is known as the resource curse.

Conflict resources are natural resources extracted in a conflict zone and sold to perpetuate the fighting. There is both statistical and anecdotal evidence that the presence of precious commodities can prolong conflicts (a " resource curse"). An unfortunate irony is that many countries rich in minerals are impoverished in terms of their capacity for governance. Conflict, corruption and bribery may be seen as the typical costs of doing business. The extraction and sale of blood diamonds, also known as "conflict diamonds", is a better-known phenomenon which occurs under virtually identical conditions. Petroleum can also be a conflict resource. Other commodities are also involved in financing conflict.

The concept of "conflict resource", or "conflict commodity" emerged in the late 1990s, initially in relation to the " blood diamonds" that were financing rebellions in Angola and Sierra Leone. Then "conflict timber" financed hostilities in Cambodia and Liberia.

The concept was first officially discussed by the UN General Assembly in the context of 'conflict diamonds': The UN Security Council has since referred to conflict resources in several resolutions, particularly resolutions 1533 and I698.97.

Since 1996 the Bonn International Center for Conversion has tracked resource governance and conflict intensity by country. Aside from fossil fuels, metals, diamonds, and timber it tracks the governance of other primary goods that might fund conflicts, including: poppy seeds and talc (Afghanistan), rubber (Côte d'Ivoire), cotton (Zambia), and cocoa (Indonesia).

Several countries and organizations, including the United States, European Union, and OECD have designated tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold connected to conflict in the DRC as conflict minerals and legally require companies to report trade or use of conflict minerals as a way to reduce incentives for armed groups to extract and fight over the minerals.

In the 2020s, the concept of conflict minerals was extended to those mined to support conflicts in parts of the world other than where the mining takes place. The Wagner Group has been granted mining rights in the Central African Republic in return for securing the continuity of the government. This "blood gold" is then sold to support Russia in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Wagner also has gold-related operations in Mali and Sudan.

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A resource war is a type of war caused by conflict over resources. In a resource war, there is typically a nation or group that controls the resource and an aggressor that wishes to seize control over said resource. This power dynamic between nations has been a significant underlying factor in conflicts since the late 19th century.

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The battle of dien bien Phu happened from March 13, 1954 – May 7, 1954. It was a battle that decided what would happen to french indochina. The battle occured as the vietnamese people became more patriotic, rebelling against france while being lead by ho chi minh. The Viet Minh's success in the French Indochina war lead to French troops staying in the town of Dien Bien Phu. However, this plan lead to the French troops to only being able to get supplies by air, as Vo Nguyen Giap, a general for the Viet Minh made a plan to surround the town with over 40,000 men and heavy artillery, leading to the battle. Afterwards the Viet Minh forces beat the french army using guerilla tactics.

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After the battle of Dien Bien Phu, The French government negotiated with the Viet Minh. These diplomatic negotiations lead to the 1954 Geneva agreements. This led to the Viet Minh gaining control of the northern half of Vietnam, while French forces could stay in the southern half. Soon after in the Vietnam war, the Viet Minh took control of the southern half.

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The resistance implemented by the Viet Minh was in the end successful, as they overpowered the french forces and won the battle, leading to the Viet Minh gaining the northern half of vietnam back. However, this could also be considered to not fully be successful as they did not gain back the southern half of Vietnam