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The war prevented France and Spain from uniting under one king, maintaining Europe's balance of power. The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht strengthened Britain, cost Spain territories like the Spanish Netherlands and parts of Italy, and reshaped European alliances.

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Spain attacked England due to religious and political tensions. Felipe II sought to win Isabel II the protestant queen, stop English interference, and restore Catholic rule.

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Felipe II: The Spanish Armada is remembered for its defeat, which weakened Spain’s dominance and marked England’s rise as a naval power.

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The last Habsburg king was Carlos II. He did not have any children, which led to the end of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain.

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The war after Carlos II’s death was called the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714).

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When Carlos II died in 1700, there was no heir, leading to a succession crisis and the War of the Spanish Succession.

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The good things about ruling a large country include having more resources, wealth, and power. The bad things include the difficulty of managing many different territories and dealing with conflicts between them.

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Carlos II was called "The Bewitched" because of his physical and mental health problems, which were believed to be caused by inbreeding within the royal family.

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The last Habsburg king of Spain was Carlos II.

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Under later Habsburg kings, Spain faced economic problems, wars, and poor leadership, which weakened the country.

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Miguel de Cervantes, the famous Spanish writer of "Don Quixote," fought in the Battle of Lepanto and was wounded there.

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The Battle of Lepanto took place on October 7, 1571.

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The Battle of Lepanto in 1571 was important because it was a significant victory for the Christian nations over the Ottoman Empire, stopping their expansion into Europe.

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Felipe II’s father was Carlos I. Felipe inherited Spain, the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and Spanish colonies. He also expanded Spain's territories by conquering Portugal in 1580.

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Carlos I’s son was Felipe II, who later became king of Spain.

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Carlos I retired to a monastery in Spain, (Monasterio de Yuste) where he spent his remaining years - praying

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Carlos I ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, large parts of Italy, the Holy Roman Empire, and colonies in the Americas.

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Carlos I’s empire was called "the empire where the sun never set" because it was so vast that somewhere in his empire, the sun was always shining.

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One problem for Carlos I was that his empire was so large and spread out, making it hard to govern and defend all the territories.

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Carlos I had the biggest empire, ruling over vast territories in Europe, the Americas, and parts of Asia and Africa.

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The Habsburg kings were important because they expanded the Spanish empire to include territories in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, making Spain one of the largest empires in the world.

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Carlos I’s grandparents were the Catholic Monarchs: Isabel de Castilla and Fernando de Aragón. He inherited Spain, the Spanish territories in Italy, the Netherlands, parts of the Americas, and later, the Holy Roman Empire.

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The first Habsburg king of Spain was Carlos I, also known as Carlos V de alemania, Holy Roman Emperor. Before that, it was the Trástamara House.

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The Catholic Monarchs, Isabel de Castilla & Fernando de Aragon, ruled Spain before the Habsburgs. -- Casa de Trástamara