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Static Top Alone activities are those during which an individual student or a teacher uses only one language. The teacher is likely to use the school language when he or she explains classroom content while students can use either the school language or their home language for various purposes of learning. An individual student, for example, can read a book in school language or do a monolingual worksheet alone. Static top alone activities are commonly practiced in most schools and these are likely to be more challenging to bi/multilingual students than monolingual students as bi/multilingual students cannot use only part of their language resources (one language out of more than one) while suppressing a significant part of their language resources (the languages that are not used during these activities). Static Top Alone activities, therefore, need to be balanced with Spinning Top Alone and Together activities. It is beneficial to do Spinning Top activities before Static Top activities as the former tends to be easier than the latter.

Static Top Together Activities

Static Top Together activities are those during which the teacher and students interact together using the school language or when students work together using only one language. For example, a group of students or a pair of students present their group work before the class using the school language so that both the teacher and students from other home language backgrounds can understand. However, the teacher always needs to be sensitive about whether students are learning properly with this one school language and whether they are limited in showing their true skills and knowledge by this school language only. If students find learning and expressing their knowledge using only school language challenging, then the teacher shifts his or her strategies by encouraging students to use all of their language resources to learn deeper and show their skill more fully.

Spinning Top Alone Activities

Spinning Top Alone activities are those during which an individual student is using all of his or her language resources, such as the school and home languages together. A student, for example, uses a bilingual dictionary or glossary, does a multilingual worksheet, or pre-writes in a language and writes in another language.

Bi/multilingual worksheet

Spinning Top Together Activities

Spinning top together activities are those that students with the same home language background work together using all of their language resources including the same home language feature as part of all their language resources. Students can learn best and show (their) true knowledge when encouraged to utilize all of their language resources.

Academic key terms in both home and school languages

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top activities | Translanguaging Education

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Static Top Alone activities are those during which an individual student or a teacher uses only one language. The teacher is likely to use the school language when he or she explains classroom content while students can use either the school language or their home language for various purposes of learning.

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Translanguaging in our written responses

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Translanguaging in your Brainstorming or Mind Maps

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Translanguaging in your written responses

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5 Simple Ways to Invite Translanguaging -and all its benefits!- Into Your Classroom - The All-Access Classroom

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Invite your multilingual learners to use translanguaging for learning! Here are some practical tips to get started!