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University: Iberoamericana

Bachelor's Degree in Primary Education

Group: 12 A

Cuatrimestre: II

Work: speech acts

Subject: English ll

Belongs to: Adonis Quintero 4-828-1528

Facilitator: María Del Carmen Miranda Acosta

Submission Date: 2/21/2025

Academic Year: 2025

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In a library, where one person asks for information about a place and the other provides it.

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Giving and Asking for Information

Giving and asking for information are two of the most commonly used actions in various everyday situations

Asking for information: it involves seeking someone to provide you with data or clarify a doubt or question about a topic, such as: "Could you explain what this image means?" or "Would you be so kind as to tell me the time, please?" and "Where is the university?"

Giving information: it is what you provide in response to a question or doubt from someone who is asking for information, or in a context where it is considered relevant to share information. For example: "Yes, the time is 3:45 PM. The university is on Main Street, next to Cervantes Park."

Examples of Phrases :

"Can you tell me where the nearest bank is?"

"I would like to know more about your services

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Que son los actos del habla

Speech acts are a fundamental notion in pragmatics, which is the branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in communicative contexts. A speech act refers to the action that is performed when speaking; that is, it is not only about conveying information but also about performing actions through language.

Speech acts are important because:

They help to understand how context influences the interpretation of meaning. The same phrase can have different meanings depending on the situation in which it is used. For example: Intention: They allow us to identify the speaker's intention, which is crucial for effective communication.

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Two students discussing a problem, one offers a solution and the other suggests alternatives.

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Find out, Identify

They are essential in communication that allows people to interact effectively and express their intentions or what they plan to do, and this varies according to the context of a specific question, whether in a formal or more polite manner, such as:

Find out: look for information or clarification on a specific topic that the person needs to know Direct questions: "Do you know what time the meeting starts?" Indirect questions: "I would like to find out if there are any events scheduled for this weekend." Information requests: "Could you help me find out how to get to the train station?

identify: recognize or point out something or someone because this speech act is used to establish the identity of an object, person or situation in which it can be crucial in various methods such as interviews, investigations, important situations. Examples: this is the notebook you mentioned yesterday in class. Can you identify the author of this book please? . If this is the person you were looking for.

Examples of Phrases :

Could you help me identify this object?"

"I suggest that we meet at 3 PM."

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A person offering a gift as a kind gesture.

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Offer, Suggest

Offering : is giving something to another person, whether it be a service, an object, or assistance. It is often used to show a willingness to help or share. For example: "Would you like me to help you with your homework?" "I have a book that I think you might be interested in. Would you like to read it?" "If you need a ride, I can take you to the airport."

Suggesting: it is used to influence someone's decision or behavior indirectly. For example: "I think you should consider studying abroad," "If you like adventure, you could try hiking this weekend," "Maybe you could think about taking an English course this week."

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A student inviting another to an event, with a reaction of acceptance.

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Ask, Accept, and Reject

Speech acts such as asking, accepting, and rejecting are fundamental in communication, as they allow people to express their intentions, needs, and opinions.

Asking: it is a speech act that involves requesting information, clarifications, or details about a specific topic. It is an essential tool for communication, as it allows speakers to obtain the data they need. For example: "What is your name?" "I would like to know what your name is." This type of question is clear and gets straight to the point, facilitating an immediate response.

Accepting: it is a speech act that involves consenting to or agreeing with a proposal, invitation, or idea. This act is crucial for establishing agreements and fostering collaboration.

Example: "Yes, I would like to attend the meeting." This response is clear and direct, showing immediate agreement. Another example of acceptance would be: "I accept, but I would need the date to be changed." In this case, the acceptance is subject to a condition, allowing for negotiation of terms. "Of course! I would love to participate."

Rejecting: it is a speech act that involves not accepting a proposal, invitation, or idea in a conversation. This act is important for establishing boundaries and expressing disagreements clearly.

Example: "No, I cannot attend the meeting tomorrow." This response is clear and direct, leaving little room for interpretation. It is useful when one needs to be firm in the refusal. Another, more polite method would be: "I appreciate the invitation, but I will not be able to attend." This type of rejection is courteous and shows appreciation for the invitation, despite being unable to accept. It helps maintain a good relationship. Rejecting clearly and respectfully is essential for establishing boundaries and avoiding misunderstandings. A poorly communicated rejection can lead to confusion or resentment.

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A person tries to describe or remember the characteristics of someone.

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Describing and Expressing Opinion

Both describing and expressing opinion are essential speech acts in communication. Describing helps convey information and create understanding, while expressing opinion allows individuals to share their thoughts and engage with others. Together, these acts contribute to effective communication and meaningful interactions.

Describing : aims to convey details that help the listener understand or visualize the subject being discussed.For example:

The house has three bedrooms, a garden, and a pool.This type of description focuses on facts and observable characteristics, without including personal opinions.Another example would be: The landscape is stunning, with very tall mountains and a dark blue sky.Here, personal impressions and emotions are included, which can make the description more vivid and engaging.

Expressing opinion: is a speech act that involves sharing personal beliefs, feelings, or judgments about a particular topic. This act allows individuals to communicate their perspectives and can lead to discussions, debates, or agreements.

Example: "I believe that education is essential for the development of primary school students." This form of opinion is clear and direct, expressing a definite point of view.

"In my opinion, although technology has its advantages, it also presents significant challenges such as addiction to it." Here, the complexity of the topic is acknowledged, which can enrich the discussion.

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The students describing their favorite food in the classroom.

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Express likes and preferences

Expressing likes : is a speech act that involves communicating what someone likes or appreciates, such as objects, food, activities, music, or experiences. It helps convey personal preferences and can foster connections with others who share similar interests.

Example: "I love chocolate in the morning." This clearly conveys a specific preference, which is chocolate.

"I really enjoy reading, especially The principito." Here, a specific interest is mentioned, which can open the door to deeper conversations if communicating with someone.

Expressing preferences: is a speech act that involves indicating a choice or inclination towards one option over another. This can be used in various contexts, such as making decisions, choosing between options, or expressing opinions about what one would prefer to do.

Example: "I prefer tea to black coffee." This form is direct and establishes a clear choice between two alternatives.

"I like the beach more than going to the river." Comparing two options helps clarify the preference and indicates that, in this case, the preference is the beach.

"I think this movie is fantastic."

"My favorite food is Italian."

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A person suggesting an idea in a work meeting.

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Suggestion, Advising

A suggestion: is a speech act that involves proposing an idea or course of action to someone. It is often used to influence the listener's decision or to provide guidance without imposing it.

Example: "How about we go for a walk?"

"I suggest you try the new restaurant downtown; their food is very good."

Advising: The act of advising involves communicating a warning or important information about a potential danger, risk, or situation that requires attention. The intention is to prevent or alert the other person.

Example : "I warn you that the floor is slippery; there is a lot of mud, so be careful when walking."

"It is important that you do not get too close to the edge of the cliff; it is very dangerous."

"I am warning you that that attitude may affect your relationship with your peers."