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This website provides a variety of explanations, a list of phonemes, and techniques and resources to teach phonemic awareness. The article also provides information on phonemic awareness milestones and tips for working with students who still need more time and intervention to understand concepts.

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What is Phonemic Awareness? | Phonics Hero

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Phonemic Awareness is the strongest predictor of reading and spelling success. What is it? And how do you incorporate it into your lessons?

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This website provides parents and educators with a step-by-step on how to teach a child to read with phonics. These steps include games and explanation to help parents understand the concept of phonics.

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How to Teach a Child to Read with Phonics | Phonics Hero

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How do you teach your child to read with phonics? We explain how to teach rhyming, pre-reading oral skills and using phonics to read their first word.

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This website offers free games and videos to help children learn and enhance their vocabulary. It is separated by grade to ensure that content is developmentally appropriate.

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Vocabulary instruction involves more than just learning new words. Children must develop a thorough understanding of those words, their parts of speech, and how they connect with the other words they know. A deep vocabulary helps children become stronger readers and better writers.

Word Game Time's free videos, games, and worksheets help children build a strong understanding of vocabulary words. Our resources introduce them to concepts such as the parts of speech, synonyms, and subject-specific words groups, while still allowing them to have fun learning new words.

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Free vocabulary games for kids, parents & teachers. Resources include worksheets & videos

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This website is helpful for parents because it provides a break-down of fluency explanations and resources including assessing fluency and interventions for individuals that show a need for extra support in reading fluency.

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Fluency The idea of reading fluency seems relatively straightforward. We know what it sounds like when a child can read fluently. A fluent reader is reading accurately, at a good pace, and with appropriate expression. Their reading appears effortless and natural. However, fluent reading requires mastering a complex set of interacting skills and knowledge that does [...]

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This video can be used as a guide for parents to understand reading comprehension for early learners and provides examples and ideas for intervention. There are also links for more information throughout the video.  There are a variety of tips for working with readers who may need extra support on reading comprehension.

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Teaching Reading Comprehension: A Guide for Parents and Educators

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It has been found that repetition of phonemic awareness lessons and activities are helpful for understanding. “In fact, all curricula repeated objectives throughout their manuals, and lesson-based curricula repeated objectives multiple times within 1 week of instruction. Repeated exposure to a concept is a helpful way that teachers can encourage children’s learning (Schuele and Boudreau

2008)” (Skibbe, et al., 2016). In the examples of both classroom and at home activities, it would be most helpful to all learners to repeat the activities often.

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When it comes to using letter or letter combination sounds to decode words, students may struggle. “Without understanding the meaning of a word before decoding it, a child may think of the word as a nonsense word, rather than a real word with meaning and context” (Bratsch-Hines, et al., 2020). Scaffolding with helping the students understand vocabulary would be helpful to ensure they were able to adequately build words and understand their meaning. To provide differential instruction for phonics, educators can work to understand the underlying reason that the student may not be understanding the concepts. Do they need help decoding or do they not understand the vocabulary?

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Teaching vocabulary in a small-group setting is an effective method for providing intervention to students who are not meeting milestones in vocabulary understanding. “In one study, kindergarten students who had lower receptive vocabulary scores at pretest and who received both small-group vocabulary instruction and whole-group lessons had word-learning gains that were nearly equivalent to their peers with higher receptive vocabulary skills who only received whole-group lessons (Loftus, Coyne, McCoach, Zipoli, & Pullen, 2010)” (Bratsch-Hines, et al., 2020). In order to adapt vocabulary-building lessons to meet the needs of exceptional students, educators should be sure to incorporate the use of small-group and large-group instruction. In the classroom activities mentioned above, reading can even be done in a small group setting. Teachers can find time to read with a small group to ensure they understand the vocabulary being presented. When it comes to the home-based activity, parents can work with their child one-on-one or in a small group of their siblings to hold conversations in which the child can understand and question if they do not understand, thus promoting better understanding of new vocabulary.

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When it comes to fluency, practice is key! Students must have a comprehensive understanding of all of the components of reading to become fluent readers. When it comes to differential instruction, educators must tune in and see the underlying reason a student is not on track in the area of fluency. When the underlying reason is addressed, educators can provide more instruction in those areas to increase the fluency of reading.

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As far as meeting the needs of all students when it comes to comprehension, it would be very important to understand where the lack of understanding lies. If the student is not able to blend sounds and read correctly, they may not comprehend what they are reading. If the student has a limited understanding of vocabulary, they may not comprehend what is being read or what they are reading. If the student is not paying attention as the material is being read aloud, they may need to work on tuning in. Each need is different and educators must work to address all needs in the classroom. Parents can help at home as well. When it comes to comprehension, exposure to material is key. Consistently reading and conversing with your child will help.