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1. Misogyny in sports refers to attitudes, actions, or systemic structures that depreciate, criticize, or discriminate against women and girls. It occurs in various forms, from abuse and harassment to more modest forms like unequal pay, lack of motherhood support, and exclusion from leadership roles. (NYT Spanish Soccer) It's a particular issue because it not only harms individual athletes but also perpetuates a culture where women’s achievements are undervalued, opportunities are limited, and their safety and well-being are compromised. (Women in Sport: Anti-Misogyny Policy)

2. 1. Implementing clear anti-misogyny policies with zero tolerance for abuse or discrimination.

2. Establishing independent reporting and disciplinary mechanisms so athletes can safely report misconduct.

3. Ensuring equal access to resources.

4. Promoting education and awareness among coaches, officials, and athletes.

5. Ensuring transparency and accountability. (Women in Sport: Anti-Misogyny Policy)

3. Diverse leadership brings different perspectives, challenges stereotypes, and ensures policies reflect the needs of all athletes. It helps break the cycle of exclusion and creates role models for future generations.

Set targets for gender balance in leadership and coaching.

Mentor and support women to pursue leadership goals.

Challenging biases in recruitment and promotion. (Where Are All the Women?)

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1. How can gender budgeting help create a fairer allocation of resources and opportunities for girls and women in sports?

Gender budgeting helps by adjusting how resources are spent to benefit girls and women fairly. It responds to the clear gaps shown in gender impact reports. As Beth Mead mentioned, even after winning the Euros, girls still can’t get pitch time, gender budgeting ensures that funding priorities change to fix this kind of unfair access.

2. How can gender impact reporting be used to identify and address inequalities faced by girls and women in sport?

Gender impact reporting shows how much (or how little) is currently spent on girls and women in sport. It reveals gaps in funding, facilities, and support, like girls being left out of the best pitch slots, so that changes can be made through better budgeting.

3. Why is it important to break down gender barriers in sport, and how can society support girls and women in participating in traditionally male-dominated sports?

Breaking barriers is vital because sport boosts health, confidence, and community. Society can help by listening to athletes like Beth Mead, changing outdated policies, and ensuring equal access to resources, especially in sports still dominated by men.

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1. What are the physical, psychological, and reproductive health benefits of sports participation for women and girls?

Sports improve physical health by strengthening bones, lowering the risks of diseases like cancer and osteoporosis , and overall fitness. They also boost mental health by increasing confidence, reducing stress, and improving self image. Female athletes tend to make safer reproductive choices, like using contraception, avoiding drugs and supporting menstrual health (found in source 1)

2. How can sports empower women and girls by providing leadership opportunities and challenging gender norms?

Sports give girls the chance to lead through coaching, organizing and mentoring, which builds their skills and confidence. Participating also challenges traditional gender roles by showing that girls are just as capable, promoting gender equality (found in source 1)

3. Why is it important for women and girls to find a sport that suits their individual needs?

Finding the right sport helps girls stay motivated, safe, and confident. It encourages long-term participation, supports their physical and emotional well-being, and makes the experience more enjoyable.  (explained in the video)

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1. How does media coverage of men’s and women’s sports differ, and what impact does that have on society’s perception of female athletes?

Women’s sports receive much less media coverage than men’s (about 5% in 2019) Coverage of female athletes often focuses on stereotypes rather than their skill, which reinforces gender bias  and the general respect for female athletes.

2. Why is it important to provide diverse and unbiased coverage of women’s sports, and how can journalists work toward achieving this?
Unbiased and diverse coverage recognizes women’s athletic achievements, challenges, disproved stereotypes, and inspires more girls to participate in sports. Journalists can achieve this by giving equal airtime as men and including more women in social media roles.

3. How can increased visibility and equal representation of women’s sports positively impact society?

Increased visibility and equal representation empowers women, promotes gender equality, challenges old norms, and attracts more fans. This all contributes to the growth of women’s sport and the respect towards them

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1.

Misogyny in sport is the disrespect and mistreatment of women, through abuse, unequal treatment, or lack of support. A good example is when the football player Jenni Hermoso was kissed without consent by Luis Rubiales after the Women’s World Cup. It showed how female athletes are not taken seriously and men with power like Rubiales think they can harass these women.

2.

Sports organizations should act quickly on abuse, support women not only those who speak out, and include more women in the decision making. For jenni Hermoso’s, FIFA eventually banned Rubiales, but only after the public and press were using the story. This shows that stronger and faster action is needed to protect athletes from misogyny and to say that abuse is not tolerated. FIFA only gave attention to the case after the public was upset meaning FIFA cares about the public but not JEnni Heromoso.

3.

Having more diverse leaders means more fair treatment and better understanding of athletes needs. In the article, Ana Muñoz, one of the few women in a leadership role in Spanish soccer, tried to fight for fairness but said she wasn’t heard most of the time. This shows why we need more women like her in power to make real changes in sport.

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What are the physical, psychological, and reproductive health benefits of sports participation for women and girls?

According to Ted-ed, “Sports are good for our bodies and mind…Strengthens our bones, clears out bad cholesterol from our arteries and decreases the risk of stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Sports also have psychological benefits like for example decreasing chances of depression in the next four years.

How can sports empower women and girls by providing leadership opportunities and challenging gender norms?

Sports empower girls and women by offering a chance for leadership and changing gender norms in positive ways. For example, "provide women and girls with the opportunity to develop leadership skills," allowing them to engage in "developing the organisation and managing governance." In engaging in these activities, women and girls develop skills like coaching, which can boost their public image. Sport has the "transformative potential… to challenge or change gender norms," as ongoing participation encourages more women to join in.

Why is it important for women and girls to find a sport that suits their individual needs?

Choosing a sport that is suitable to their needs allows women and girls to benefit from the physical, psychological, and social benefits of sport, including empowerment, social inclusion, and healthier lifestyles.

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1. The physical, psychological, and reproductive health benefits of the sports participation for women and girls include their stronger bodies, reduced risk of chronic diseases, improved mood and memory, higher self-esteem, resilience, and lower risk of depression and reproductive health issues.

2. Sports empower the women and girls by giving them leadership opportunities, building teamwork and confidence, and challenging traditional gender norms both on and off the field.

3. I believes it is important for women and girls to find a sport that suits their individual needs because it maximizes enjoyment, commitment, and the personal and social benefits of participation.

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1. How can gender budgeting help create a fairer allocation of resources and opportunities for girls and women in sports?
- Gender budgeting ensures resources and opportunities in sport are allocated fairly to girls and women by directly addressing historic inequalities and supporting targeted investment

2. How can gender impact reporting be used to identify and address inequalities faced by girls and women in sport?

- Gender impact reporting highlights and measures the effects of decisions on girls and women in sport, helping to identify and address ongoing inequalities

3. Why is it important to break down gender barriers in sport, and how can society support girls and women in participating in traditionally male-dominated sports?

- Breaking down gender barriers in sport is vital to ensure fairness and equal opportunity, and society can support girls and women by listening to their experiences and actively investing in their participation and visibility

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1. How does media coverage of men’s and women’s sports differ, and what impact does that have on society’s perception of female athletes?

Media reporting shows more of men's games, keeping women players at the back. This disparity impacts how society perceives things, downplaying women's wins and reinforcing gender stereotypes.

2. Why is it important to provide diverse and unbiased coverage of women’s sports, and how can journalists work toward achieving this?

3. Granting various, balanced, and fair coverage to women's games is important because it promotes parity and gives women players their rightful place. Journalists can help this way by bringing various types of stories, giving them proper representation, and breaking stereotypes in reporting.

4. How can increased visibility and equal representation of women’s sports positively impact society?

Increased visibility and equitable representation of women's sport can motivate girls, overcome stereotypes, facilitate increased participation, create jobs, support social change, and create community, all of which promote gender equality in society.

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1. How does media coverage of men’s and women’s sports differ, and what impact does that have on society’s perception of female athletes?

Media coverage of men’s and women’s sports is still unequal. An example not in this article is Fabrizio Romano, (Futbol Journalist) who talks about mens transfers games even in their daily life but women seem invisible to him. However in this article most countries studied, women’s sports receive less than all sports coverage, and in some places, like Malta and Greece, it is as low. In contrast, men’s sports consistently dominate, accounting for over most of it of coverage in several countries, with football being a major driver.

2. Why is it important to provide diverse and unbiased coverage of women’s sports, and how can journalists work toward achieving this?

It is essential to provide different and unbiased coverage of women’s sports because the media has most of the influence in shaping societal attitudes and normalizing women’s participation in sports. Journalists such as Fabrizio Romano can help achieve this by increasing both the quantity and quality of women’s sports coverag. Also In EAFC 24, (Videogame) they added women for the first time which had to be added much before. At least they added them, making most of the adolescents aware of women in football.

3. How can increased visibility and equal representation of women’s sports positively impact society?

Increasing the visibility and representation of women’s sports can have a big effect on society. When women’s sports are regularly mentioned in the media, it inspires girls and young women to participate in the sports. If they watch Alexia Putellas lift the champions league in Tv they would think it seems cool and will inspire them to play the sport. Which then normalizes female athletics. It also helps build larger audiences for women’s sports, which can drive growth in the sport.

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1. gender budgeting directly addresses the historis unfairness in sports funding by analyzing how rescources are currently allocated and then adjusting them to ensure women and girls benefit equally. This process challenges long staning biases and structures that have favored men, allowing for a more balanced and just distribution of money, facitiies and opprotunities at all levels of sports.

womeninsport.org

2. Gender impact reporting is the essential first step: it provides a clear, honest assessment of how much of a sport’s resources are actually reaching women and girls. By making these disparities visible, organizations can pinpoint where inequalities exist and use this evidence to guide targeted changes and investments to close the gap
womeninsports.org

3. Breaking down gender barriers is vital because it allows everyone to benefit from sport, including improved health, confidence, and community. Society can support girls and women by challenging stereotypes, ensuring equal access to resources and opportunities, increasing visibility of women’s sports, and encouraging mixed-gender participation at young ages to normalize inclusion and respect

1. womeninsports.org

2. bbc.uk.org

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1. How can gender budgeting help create a fairer allocation of resources and opportunities for girls and women in sports?
According to womeninsport.org, gender budgeting can help create a fairer allocation of resources and opportunities for girls and women despite traditional systems having been implemented to exclude women from playing. Resource allocation is especially biased and gendered towards men, but gender budgeting is a system that will ensure that both genders are treated equally in sport. This works by adjusting sports budgeting and making sure that women and girls have more opportunities because they have access to equal pay as men and boys.

2. How can gender impact reporting be used to identify and address inequalities faced by girls and women in sport?
Gender impact reporting (the process of assessing how policies, programs, and budgets affect both genders differently with the intent to resolve these injustices) can be used to identify and address inequalities that women face in sports because these policies make sure that all aspects of financial budgeting (coaching, salary, facilities) are taken into account. Gender impact reporting allows the government and sports corporations to actually realise how much gender inequality there is in sports and therefore make attempts to resolve these injustices.

3. Why is it important to break down gender barriers in sport, and how can society support girls and women in participating in traditionally male-dominated sports?
It is important to break down gender barriers in sport because in society, many girls are discouraged from continuing their sports and far too many female athletes are underpaid simply because of their gender. Without fair gender budgeting, it will not be possible to level the playing field for women in sports, and many women may begin to start leaving these careers because of the unjust pay and budgeting that is allocated to them. Moreover, according to Beth Mead on bbc.co.uk , many girl soccer players feel unsafe going to the pitches after dark, and experience getting kicked off the field because the boys teams take priority and apparently need the field more than they do. These girls typically feel scared playing football on the pitch and taking up the men's team's resources, even though they are entitled to these resources and should not have to feel like they must step down in order for the men to feel superior in some ways. It is important to break down these gender barriers in football so that the next generation of female footballers and athletes in general can continue playing the game without feeling unsafe and wanting to quit simply because of these gender norms, unfair budget allocations, and lack of support which ultimately discourages them from continuing their sport.

Also, according to We Asked Girls About Sport & Gender Equality - It's Time To #DoItForHer, 50% of girls drop out of their sports by age 20, despite sports being so beneficial to the mental, physical, and emotional state of everyone. These barriers that prevent women from participating in sports are especially negative because they are essentially saying that women aren’t entitled to improve their wellbeing nor feel like they are part of a community - further reinforcing traditional misogynistic and male-centered ideologies that men are superior to women in all aspects of life, and particularly in sports.

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What are the physical, psychological, and reproductive health benefits of sports participation for women and girls?

According to some research, women athletes were less likely to engage in risky behaviors compared to others, such as involving in dangerous sexual relationships or abuse drugs. In the health aspect, sport increases the bone mineral density and reduces the risk of having bone disorders in older women, while also reduce the risk of getting lungs and breast cancer. Adding on, sports develop friendships and strengthen social relationships for females, having their mindset grow throughout practices and competitions, learning to depend on each other.

How can sports empower women and girls by providing leadership opportunities and challenging gender norms?

Playing sports improves girls’ sense of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-worth. The participation of females in sports games had a major impact on achieving gender equality, it is observed that males in sports have a positive attitude towards their female teammates. Sports also develop leadership skills in coaching, refereeing, and training. International tournaments also boost public recognition for women, challenging gender norms.

Why is it important for women and girls to find a sport that suits their individual needs?

Finding a sport that suits their interest makes it easier for them to establish a good habit of exercising. Not only a sport that suits women can train them physically, but also improves them mentally. Playing a sport of like can reduce depression and allows females to learn from failure, yet train them to be determined to succeed.

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1.) Misogyny in sport means treating women unfairly just because they’re women. It shows up as sexist comments, unequal treatment, or even harassment. The Women in Sport website explains how female athletes are often seen as “less athletic” and not taken seriously. The situation in Spain, where a top soccer official kissed a player without her consent after the World Cup, shows how some people in power still don’t respect women in sport and how that kind of behaviour is often ignored or excused.

2.)To stop misogyny, sports organisations need to take real action. They should create clear rules against harassment, make reporting safer, and treat women’s teams equally in terms of money, resources, and attention. After the incident in Spain, the women’s team stood up for themselves and demanded change, refusing to play until the leadership was held responsible. This shows how important it is to support female athletes and listen to them when things go wrong.

3.)Having more women in charge makes a big difference. When women help make decisions, they bring new ideas and help create fairer environments for everyone. The Women in Sport article says that equal leadership can help change sexist cultures. In Spain, famous players like Jenni Hermoso and Alexia Putellas spoke out and helped start a movement (#SeAcabó) that pushed for real change. This proves how powerful representation can be, not just in sports, but everywhere.

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1. How can gender budgeting help create a fairer allocation of resources and opportunities for girls and women in sports? In the diverse landscape of sports, gender allocation helps establish a fairer allocation of resources and possibilities to reflect their skills by illuminating the effects of budgeting decisions in this field, while planning for impartial future resource and financial allocation.

2. How can gender impact reporting be used to identify and address inequalities faced by girls and women in sport? Gender impact reporting will emphasize the profound distinction between investments in males that play sports, and females that engage in sports. Additionally, it will illuminate the effects that responsible budget decision making will have on the women playing sports.

3. Why is it important to break down gender barriers in sport, and how can society support girls and women in participating in traditionally male-dominated sports?

It is imperative to address society imposed gender barriers in sport in order to foster a more equitable, inclusive society where everyone, regardless of their gender, is granted the opportunity to thrive and succeed. It will ensure fair competition, promote diverse participation, and ultimately provide multiple benefits for all individuals playing. However, to guarantee these outcomes are achieved, society must promote equitable pay, equal opportunities. Investments are not enough. According to Women in Sport, “Despite the public funds invested in team sports, leagues and hosting major team competitions, 22% fewer girls play team sport than boys.” To efficiently address this presistent issue, society must support gender budgeting and gender impact reporting. Proactively approaching the conflict will ensure that women are emotionally, mentally, and physically supported through collective efforts in sports.

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Issue 4: Media Visibility & Role Models

Source 1: Research Report: Where are all the Women? Shining a light on the visibility of women’s sport in the media?

Source 2: (Zora Stephenson) Caitlin Clark and Elevating Women's Sports Coverage NBCU Academy

1. How does media coverage of men’s and women’s sports differ, and what impact does that have on society’s perception of female athletes?

The main issue is that men’s sport receives a significantly larger amount of coverage compared to women. There are several issues with media coverage of women’s sport, including a limited variety of women’s sport covered and a lack of consistent presence (1). Additionally, women’s sport has less debate and the coverage itself is significantly smaller (ie: no pre game and after game filming) (2). For instance, commenters don’t explain to the audience how an athlete like Caitlin Clark creates space when she plays, demonstrating that journalists need to acknowledge to the audience the skills mastered by women (2). In general, men’s sports are described with more excitement and analysis while women’s sports are covered in a more bland manner.

2. Why is it important to provide diverse and unbiased coverage of women’s sports, and how can journalists work toward achieving this?

It’s important to provide diverse and unbiased coverage of women's sport because it challenges gender stereotypes, promotes gender equality, and ensures that female athletes are given the recognition for their achievement, ultimately inspiring future generations and normalizing women’s sports at all levels. The second source discusses how journalists can work towards achieving this, such as being equitable in reporting (or cover even better for women) and learning about athletes’ background before covering. Overall, we should encourage journalist to increase the quantity and quality of women’s sports coverage, use engaging storytelling, and focus on athletic achievements rather than appearance.

3. How can increased visibility and equal representation of women’s sports positively impact society?

Increased visibility and equal representation of women’s sports positively impacts society by: challenging gender stereotypes, providing positive women role models, showing women and girls that sport is for them, portraying a positive and healthy body image, and underlining women’s sport as entertaining, exciting and inspiring (1).