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Aestheticism was an art movement in the late 19th century which privileged the aesthetic value of literature, music and the arts over their socio-political functions.

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(as by an optical instrument or television receiver) in which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis

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type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel)

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having solid tones or colors and little detail from photographs or other continuous-tone originals by means of separation negatives.

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Sometimes called moiré or a glitch, aliasing is a phenomenon where a digital camera has trouble translating an intricate pattern. Aliasing can result in a number of odd visual artifacts in photos or videos.

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JPEG artifacts are caused by compression when an image is saved in the .jpg format

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when a lens fails to focus all wavelengths of color to the same spot on the focal plane, focusing them to different positions instead.

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APS C is an adopted term for the image sensor format approximately the size of the now-defunct Advanced Photo System film negative classic, of 25.1×16.7 mm, with an aspect ratio of 3:2. APS C sensors are cropped sensors that are generally cheaper and easier to travel with than their full frame counterparts.

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A full-frame sensor is most simply deﬁned by its sheer size – 36mm by 24mm – and the distinctive look it makes possible. Compared to a Super 35mm sensor, a full-frame sensor has over twice the surface area while providing a wider angle of view and shallower depth of ﬁeld.

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The camera's image sensor is responsible for converting the light and color spectrum into electrical signals for the camera to convert into zeros and ones.

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“Crop factor” is the ratio of the sensor size to 35mm / full-frame (see below). You take the provided crop factor number, multiply it with the focal length of the lens and you get the equivalent focal length relative to 35mm film / full-frame.

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UnitEquivalent
1 kilobyte (KB) | 1,024 bytes
1 megabyte (MB) | 1,048,576 bytes
1 gigabyte (GB) | 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 terabyte (TB) | 1,099,511,627,776 bytes

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A histogram represents all of the pixel values in an image, plotted from 0 (black) on the left to 255 (white) on the right; the height of the column shows how many pixels in the image have that value.It can be an essential tool for managing the dynamic range of an image so that you can be sure you aren't pushing

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applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general. Somewhat paradoxically, anti-art tends to conduct this questioning and rejection from the vantage point of art.

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art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially

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it blocks light coming into the lens like sunglasses blocks light coming into your eyes. ND stands for Neutral Density which means it blocks the light in a neutral way without changing the colour of the light.

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Cross processing is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. The effect was discovered independently by many different photographers often by mistake in the days of C-22 and E-4

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Cubism was one of the most influential art movement of the 20 th century. It was founded around 1907 and 1908 by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque with the aim to reject the traditional techniques of perspective, modelling and chiaroscuro and refuting the idea of art as pure imitation of nature.

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helps to accentuate the main subject by eliminating the unwanted elements. It is usually taken by focusing on a single subject, or a few elements.

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art in which commonplace objects (such as road signs, hamburgers, comic strips, or soup cans) are used as subject matter and are often physically incorporated in the work. Art that pops out at you.

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The term is used where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of their art. The Avant-garde in photography are critical of existing aesthetic views. They reject conventional and established norms in photo-art or photo-method.

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Surrealism is about linking the dream with the everyday, resulting in images that don’t look authentic; with today’s technology, many photographers are able to create very peculiar photographs by using techniques such as multiple exposures (blending multiple images together) to create something almost abstract and unique.

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appropriation is the intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of preexisting images and objects

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double exposure (or "multiple exposure", if you're using two or more images) layers two exposures so that they blend together in a compelling way. With a film camera, the shutter opens and exposes the film to light, and then the same film is exposed a second time.

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Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects. Similar to still life painting, it is the application of photography to the still life artistic style.

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involves photographing a particular product, or someone supplying or receiving a particular service, in a way that showcases that product or service’s best features and entices the viewer to want to buy. Good commercial photography is a marketing tool that can really enhance your selling potential.

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Photos taken from the sky. Usually with a drone or helicopter.

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a tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light. The aim is to create a focused beam with little diffusion.

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a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

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The snoot controls and directs your strobe flash by creating a narrow or broad light beam in its cast, depending on the effect the shooter desires. Snoots do not create the flash – they are merely a tool used with your existing strobe to direct the light.

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A softbox is a light modifier that confines light from an artificial source into a wire framed box and releases it through a layer of diffusion. Softboxes are commonly used in photography as a soft source of light that minimizes harsh shadows.

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A monolight is used to illuminate a large scene, be it a studio, a venue, an arena, or any setting in between. You can use a monolight to add to the natural light in an outdoor scene as well.

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Catchlights are the bright, specular highlights found in a subject's eyes that are reflections of the light source or sources. They will appear the same shape of the light modifier used.

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Curves provides more customized contrast control than Levels.  Curves allows you to adjust contrast by setting and positioning control points along the entire tonal range.

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Levels provides enhancement of contrast only by setting highlight and shadow points.

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brings more clarity to photos and videos. Ring lights help reduce blemishes as well, which explains why influencers in those Instagram glamour shots always look so perfect

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a creative and unique type of photography in which the camera is manipulated so that a life-sized location or subject looks like a miniature-scale model.

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

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a technique used to develop a peel-apart film picture on to a different material, like drawing paper. In a Polaroid transfer, the image is peeled apart prematurely and the negative is placed down on a desired material.

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intaglio print process that was sometimes used to produce high-quality reproductions of photographs in ink. A positive transparency of a photographic image is used to control the etching of a specially prepared metal plate.

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uses a mixture of iron compounds, which when exposed to UV light and washed in water oxidise to create Prussian Blue images.

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Chlorophyll printing is an alternative photographic process where photographic images are developed on natural leaves through the action of photosynthesis. This organic technique does not use chemicals since the photographs are exposed directly to the sunlight on plants or trees leaves.

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Split lighting is a lighting technique that lights up half of a subject's face while leaving the other half in a shadow, essentially “splitting” the face. This splitting effect is achieved by a light source that is perpendicular to the subject illuminating directly from one specific side.

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technique utilizing one light and one reflector or two separate lights. It's a popular technique because it creates images that look both dramatic yet natural. It's predominantly characterized by a lit-up triangle underneath the subject's eye on the less illuminated area of the face (fill side).

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an essential lighting technique for portrait photographers. It is easy to create with just a single light source and is flattering on most subjects. This lighting pattern will create a shadow that loops down and around the side of the nose, and on the neck and under the chin.

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a lighting pattern used in portrait photography where the key light is placed above and pointing down on the subject's face. This creates a dramatic shadow under the nose and chin that looks like a butterfly.

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a type of lighting setup where the area of a subject's face that is facing the camera is lit more brightly. The term “broad lighting” comes from lighting the broad side of a subject's face. It is also on of the typical photography lighting setups for shooting portraits

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Short lighting is a lighting technique used primarily in portrait photography in which the far side of a subject's face is lit relative to the camera. This leaves the near side of the face darker or entirely shadowed.

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Alternative process

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is A still life photo

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Weight or balance are terms that refer to the visual impact of elements in your composition. The stronger an element's visual weight, the more it draws in the eye. To achieve a balanced composition, pay attention to the visual weight of the objects.

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s the process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model by means of a computer program. The resulting image is referred to as the render.

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Linear Perspective - By using either 1 point perspective, 2 point perspective, or 3 point perspective, an artist can create the illusion of space. Linear perspective is a drawing method that uses lines to draw objects in space.

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the first completely abstract kind of photograph, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors.

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referred to as scanner photography, is the process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD array capturing device.

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a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency. This consistency is usually found within the subjects, environment, photographic process, and presentation or direction of the subject.

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Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape" was a groundbreaking exhibition of contemporary landscape photography held at the George Eastman House's International Museum of Photography from October 1975 to February 1976.

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the art of long exposure photography that captures of the image of the sun moving across the sky. These exposures can last days, months, even years.

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Kelvin represents the temperature of light directly correlated with the color of the burning carbon at that temperature.

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the blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside.

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refers to the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas). The higher the lighting ratio, the higher the contrast of the image; the lower the ratio, the lower the contrast.

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serves to simulate the printed colors on the monitor through the function Proof Colors in Photoshop in order to get a preview of the output before sending the files to our lab.

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occurs due to the image being very evenly lit and id different to soft light versus hard light which is the transition of light from highlight to shadow. Overcast days create flat lighting and so does direct flash and is often used in beauty shots and also some documentary photographers.

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he first completely abstract kind of photograph, composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors.

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is the process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD (charge-coupled device) array capturing device.

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a single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency. This consistency is usually found within the subjects, environment, photographic process, and presentation or direction of the subject.

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Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape" was a groundbreaking exhibition of contemporary landscape photography held at the George Eastman House's International Museum of Photography from October 1975 to February 1976.

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Solarigraphics or solargraphs are pinhole photographs taken with a lensless pinhole camera with a long exposure. By doing so the invisible movements of the Sun can be made visible in landscapes.

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Kelvin represents the temperature of light directly correlated with the color of the burning carbon at that temperature. When you “shoot in Kelvin”, you are manually adjusting the camera's white balance to match that of the Kelvin temperature in the room.

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ubtractive lighting is the act of removing light. Essentially creating shadows to produce a more dimensional image. Too much light on your image would poorly affect your image, most likely making it look flat.

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efers to the comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas). The higher the lighting ratio, the higher the contrast of the image; the lower the ratio, the lower the contrast.

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a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device, or a color space, according to standards promulgated by the International Color Consortium.

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Photography. even front lighting of a subject, producing little contrast, no shadows, and no modeling.

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Looking down at the LCD screen over and over

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50mm prime lens

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A funny way to call a photographer

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Photoshop is all jungled around like the layers are all jumbled.

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photos that have no color of it looks that way and griany

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Dust stuck on lens or inside the shutter

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, clipping is a result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented. It is an instance of signal clipping in the image domain.

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a fill light may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal.

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key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject

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the action of tying an animal with a rope or chain so as to restrict its movement.

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sing films or sensors that have infrared light sensitivity. By using infrared light in a photograph one can add special effects, like false colors, to photographs.

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the use or combination of two or more different images to create a new one. Although it sounds simple, the creation of a new image using the composite method is a process that can take hours

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a style of portrait/people photography which aims to capture and document real-life events, situations, or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the e

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This usually involves entering abandoned buildings such as old factories, derelict residences or other urban ruins.

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taking photographs of the night sky or deep space objects

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acts like sunglasses would to your eyes, it blocks light coming into the lens like sunglasses blocks light coming into your eyes. ND stands for Neutral Density which means it blocks the light in a neutral way without changing the colour of the light.

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a glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces.

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is a color distortion that creates an outline of unwanted color along the edges of objects in a photograph. Often, it appears along metallic surfaces or where there's a high contrast between light and dark objects, such as a black wall in front of a bright blue sky

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mirrorless cameras capture images without the use of a mirror in the camera body. This is different from DSLR cameras, which reflect images into viewfinders via mirrors. Instead, mirrorless cameras often use electronic viewfinders (EVF) to display images digitally.

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the process of superimposing a logo or piece of text atop a document or image file, and it's an important process when it comes to both the copyright protection and marketing of digital works.

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when the photographer uses two frontal light sources to illuminate the subject, helping to minimize shadows and often giving a glowing effect. Though usually achieved by using studio strobes, it can also be achieved using constant studio lights.

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is a creative two-light setup that helps to emphasize shadows which adds angles to the face and body.

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reduces the lighting ratio in the scene, meaning there's less contrast between the darker tones and the brighter areas. Alternatively, low-key lighting has greater contrast between the dark and light areas of the image with a majority of the scene in shadow.

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a type of lighting style used in photography, film, and television that accentuates shadows, high contrast, and dark tones. The visual aesthetic of low-key lighting is usually achieved by using hard sources or key lights with minimal to no fill light.

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reduces the lighting ratio in the scene, meaning there's less contrast between the darker tones and the brighter areas. Alternatively, low-key lighting has greater contrast between the dark and light areas of the image with a majority of the scene in shadow.