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Some of the earlieest accounts date back to the 11th-and 12th-century Europe when outbreaks of Tuberculosis, rabies, and other diseases were blamed, in part, on vampires. (pg. 1)

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One fear-mongering handbill, "The Vaccination Vampire," from 1881, for example, pushed the claim that vaccinations would lead to "degradation and extinction," and were a source of "universal pollution." (pg. 2)

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When Bram Stoker wrote his transformative novel in 1897, about a Transylvanian nobleman who leaves his castle to travel to modern-day London in search of fresh blood, he certainly knew about vampire folklore as well as anti-vaccination movement and was working on some of the same fears. (pg. 2)

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"When people lack science to explain things, they rely on magic and religion," said Stephanie Stepanic, an assistant professor, who teaches a popular course on "Dracula"-"When there was a void in knowledge about disease, the vampire filled in." It wasn't until the 19th century, as they became fixtures in weird fiction, that vampires were more likely to be wealthy creeps in formal wear. (pg. 2)

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The most influential vampire novel after "Dracula" is Richard Matheson's 1954 book "I Am Legend," the movie version of which became the subject of those recent anti-vaccination conspiracy theories. This cause was not a vaccine, it was an attempt to cure cancer, gone wrong. (pg. 5)

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George Romero's 1968 game-changer "Night of the Living Dead," kicking off a new monster tradition of the zombie, which considering the zombified stye of the original vampires. (pg.5)

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Many more vampire shows are on the way, including remakes of the 1970's TV series "Salem's Lot, "Ms. Rice's novel "Interview with the Vampire" and the delicately drawn Swedish movie "Let the Right One In. "The Lost Boys" is also being rebooted. (pg. 4)

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Amazon's "Black as Night," a vampire story for the Black Lives Matter moment, builds its mythology on a history of white supremacy. (Part of a new crop of racially progressive horror, this movie antecedents include the 1972 "Blacula," about an 18th century African prince enslaved by Count Dracula on a diplomatic mission to Transylvania designed to curb the slave trade.) (pg. 4)

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During the AIDS epidemic in the 1980's and 90's, the virus was passed through sexual encounter or blood transfusion. Which meant it took on the new meaning of vampire stories. (pg. 5)

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Difficulties with Todays Supernatural Approach

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Difficulties with Todays Supernatural Approach

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We have so much more to be scared of today than in recent years. Both politically and medically. "It may be difficult to go back to the purely supernatural approach." But for Larry Fessenden, an actor and director in one of the best vampire movies of the 1990's, sees new opportunities for horror. (pg. 6)

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Seductiveness defined the 2oth-century vampires. The hot vampire genre merged with the reliable teen comedy in "The Lost Boys," which led to "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and then "Twilight," the apex of domesticated and misunderstood vampires. (pg.3)

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The covid vaccine turns you into a vampire monster- and the proof is in the 2007 Will Smith movie "I am Legend." Therefore, vampires did not appear in books or movies. Let alone people. They were symbols of epidemics- and a plausible explanation for disease, at least for the time being. (pg. 1)