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1. Human and Physical Costs By B. C. Koh

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1. Human and Physical Costs By B. C. Koh

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Koh, C. B. The Impact of the Korean War. 57. 1993

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh describes the numerous deaths and casualties recorded during the Korean War, proving the long-lasting impact.

Enumeration of Facts:

4 Million people were either killed, wounded, or missing.

One of every ten Korean's died during the war.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it emphasizes the large impact that the war had to the people who lived in Korea and their lives.

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Koh, C. B. The Impact of the Korean War. 58. 1993

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh shows the number of innocent civilians who lost their lives during the war. Not only did people who were in the army were killed, but innocent people living in Korea.

Enumeration of Facts:

Civilians accounted for 70% of casualties

Thirteen million people were severely affected by the war

The US Air Force dropped 386,037 bombs

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the long-lasting effect the war had on innocent people living in Korea.

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Koh, C. B. The Impact of the Korean War. 59. 1993

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh describes the economic impact that the war had on both South Korea and North Korea.

Enumeration of Facts:

North Korea's National Income in 1952 was 69.4% of what it was in 1949

Electricity generated in 1952 was 17.2% of what it was in 1949

In South Korea, over 17,000 industrial plants and business facilities, 4,000 schools, and 600,000 homes were destroyed.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it proves how much money was lost and its effect on the economy of Korea.

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Koh, C. B. The Impact of the Korean War. 59-60. 1993

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh explains the governmental type and how the war helped and hurt the politics in Korea.

Enumeration of Facts:

In the North, it provided Kim II Sung with an excuse and an opportunity to purge his political rivals

In the South, it helped to lay the ground work for the emergence of the military as the dominant force in politics

The military eventually grew larger

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows both the positive and negative effects of the politics that were in both Koreas.

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Koh, C. B. The Impact of the Korean War. 68. 1993

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh talks of the increase and urgency in construction because of the damaged property and destroyed buildings.

Enumeration of Facts:

The priority in Korea was mechanization and building better machines

Agricultural mechanization was increased

More than 70 percent of all college students in Korea would major in engineering and the natural sciences

Summary: This source is important to my research because it describes the cause and solution of lack of construction leading to more mechanization and construction being done.

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6. Fall of the Mining Industry By B. C. Koh

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6. Fall of the Mining Industry By B. C. Koh

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Lee, Jong. The Impact of the Korean War on the Korean Economy, 98. 2001

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh talks of the effects that the destruction of the war had on the mining industry.

Enumeration of Facts:

51% of the mining industry was destroyed

The estimated amount of damage was as high as US $549 million

This industry accounted for 23.3% of all industrial damage

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows yet another industry that was severely effected by the war in a negative way.

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7. Destruction in Power Plants By Jong Lee

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7. Destruction in Power Plants By Jong Lee

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Lee, Jong. The Impact of the Korean War on the Korean Economy, 98. 2001

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh describes the impact from the severe decrease in power plants.

Enumeration of Facts:

80% of power plants were destroyed

Within the first two months of the war, power production plummeted down to a miserable level of 11 thousand kwh, about one-eighth of the 1948 production level of 80 thousand kwh

Massive destruction of electric facilities brought about a drastic cutback of productive activities

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the negative impact that the fall of power plants had to the productivity and efficiency of Korea.

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8. Total War Damage in Money By Jong Lee

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8. Total War Damage in Money By Jong Lee

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Lee, Jong. The Impact of the Korean War on the Korean Economy, 98. 2001

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh tells the exact amount of damage in money caused by the Korean War.

Enumeration of Facts:

The total war damage was estimated as high as
41.23 billion dollars, equivalent to US$6.9 billion when the official exchange rate was applied

It was also equivalent to 86% of the 1953 GNP

The 1953 net commodity production remained at 27% lower than 1940 level

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the extreme total impact that the war had on the economy and productivity in Korea.

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Lee, Jong. The Impact of the Korean War on the Korean Economy, 98. 2001

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, Koh shows the decrease in trade that involved South Korea and North Korea.

Foreign trade deteriorated from US $208 million in 1948 (including US $188.3 million government imports) to US $2.9 million in 1950.

Rice crops fell down to a 65% level of
the average annual product of the 1945 -1950 period

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the effect the war had on trade and its relations with other countries.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author describes the impact that the war had on US soldiers in South Korea.

Even after fighting in Korea had stopped, US soldiers remained stationed in South Korea

The Chinese government put pressure on relations between South Korea and the US.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the effect the war had on people not even Korean and people who fought for different countries.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author emphasizes what happened to the US military as a whole after the war

The war led to massive American rearmament.

The United States defense budget shot up to $48 billion in 1951 and $60 billion by 1952.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows how it strengthened the American military system in supplying more weapons.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows how the US relations with other countries changed after the war.

The USA made a series of alliances including one with the Philippines and in 1951 they signed the ANZUS Pact with Australia and New Zealand.

The USA made the decision to help rebuild Japan and a final peace treaty was signed with Japan in 1951 signaling the end of US occupation.

The USA refused to have any dealings with China.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows how the war had a political impact on other countries.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows how the US relations with other countries changed after the war.

The USA made a series of alliances including one with the Philippines and in 1951 they signed the ANZUS Pact with Australia and New Zealand.

The USA made the decision to help rebuild Japan and a final peace treaty was signed with Japan in 1951 signaling the end of US occupation.

The USA refused to have any dealings with China.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows how the war had a political impact on other countries.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows us the significant number of casualties that Americans had from the Korean War.

The Korean War had a legacy with 50,000 American soldiers killed.

The Korean War was the first war that the US entered and did not win outright.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the living standards and lives of the Americans during the Korean War.

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15. China and the USSR Relations By: BBC

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15. China and the USSR Relations By: BBC

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author describes the Impact the war had on China and the USSR.

The war increased tension between the USSR and China as they squabbled over who should pay the bill for it.

The Chinese came to feel that the Soviet Union was both an unreliable and demanding ally and took greater steps to ensure independence from the USSR in the years following the war.

In 1960, China broke from the Soviet Union in an event known as the Sino-Soviet Split, creating tension amongst all communist powers.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it emphasizes the impact that the Korean war had on the relationship between China and the USSR and the events that followed it.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows the positive and negative effects that the Korean war had on the Cold War.

The Korean War seemed to confirm the view of a worldwide communist conspiracy and ensured that the Cold War spread to Asia.

The war also strengthened the determination of the USA to contain communism on a worldwide scale.

The war established the pattern whereby if one superpower was directly involved, the other was indirectly associated. It was the first time the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, had fought a proxy war in a third country.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it emphasizes the long term impact that the war had on the Cold War.

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The Korean War, BBC

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author demonstrates the creation of SEATO to prevent communism

In 1954, SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization) was set up as a copy of NATO. Communism had been prevented in South Korea and the UN was seen as a success.
China was no longer weak and was prepared to stand up to the West. The fear in the West was that China would emerge as a third superpower.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it emphasizes another way that the war impacted their relation with China and communism.

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18. End of the Korean War: Kathryn Weathersby

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18. End of the Korean War: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 3, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author Tells how the Korean war ended.

On 13 February 2007, the parties reaffirmed that the relevant states—most likely North Korea, South Korea, China, and the United States— will take steps toward establishing a permanent peace regime and bring a formal end to the Korean War

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the actual end to the Korean War and the relation between South Korea, North Korea, US, and China.

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19. Peace within Korea: Kathryn Weathersby

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19. Peace within Korea: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 3, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author Tells how the relationship of both Koreas are right now, long after the war.

In post-World War II Europe, as is well-known, the
solid and durable peace built by the non-communist nations has been under-girded and maintained by a dense, multi-layered web of mutually beneficial ties created over time by a broad range of organizations and individuals.

Established governmental, educational, cultural, and religious institutions have contributed to this process, as have a wide variety of informal associations and networks

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the peaceful relationship currently in the two countries.

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20. Solution to the War: Kathryn Weathersby

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20. Solution to the War: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 3, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows how the resolution of the Korean War still lingers today.

In the case of the Korean War, the lack of resolution of the conflict and the continuing political antagonism between the two sides has made it impossible for all parties to ground their understanding of the war in an open, honest examination of the record from all sides.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it demonstrates the relationships carried over today and the impact that the War has on relations currently.

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21. Damage in North Korea: Kathryn Weathersby

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21. Damage in North Korea: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 4, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows the amount of destruction in North Korea including people, places, and infrastructure.

it is probably safe to say that few Americans are even aware of the extent of devastation U.S.
bombing caused

For North Koreans the near total destruction of the physical infrastructure of their country, along with the massive numbers the bombardment left dead and wounded, could only have been a profound experience

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows another negative impact that the war had on destruction.

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22. Underrepresentation of South Korea: Kathryn Weathersby

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22. Underrepresentation of South Korea: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 4, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows the disrespect North Korea had for South Korea, as they completely disregarded them in the war.

The predominance of this aspect of the war in the North is one reason the DPRK depicts the war as a conflict between the United States and North Korea.

War museums and memorials in the DPRK greatly underrepresent the role of South Korean armed forces, as well as that of soldiers from other countries that fought under the UN command

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows more conflict between both North and South Korea.

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23. North Korea's view on the war: Kathryn Weathersby

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23. North Korea's view on the war: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 4, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows how the North Korean's viewed the war and thought that they had won.

The sheer fact that the DPRK survived such a sustained attack by the vastly more powerful opponent has enabled Pyongyang to represent the war as a great national victory accomplished under the leadership of KimIl Sung.

This heroic myth of victory over the United States, which, of course, greatly under-represents the contributions made by China and the Soviet Union, may have contributed to Pyongyang’s striking tendency since the war to engage in high-risk provocations and brinkmanship

Summary: This source is important to my research because it describes how the North Korean's thought that they won the war.

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24. North Korea's Belief as the victims: Kathryn Weathersby

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24. North Korea's Belief as the victims: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 4, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows how the North Korean's viewed their role on the war and how they were continuously attacked

The unusual degree of destruction caused by the bombing has enabled North Koreans to view themselves as the war’s victims.

As a post-colonial civil war overlain by the first great power conflict of the Cold War, the Korean War was
particularly impassioned and produced atrocities on all sides.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it describes how the North Korean's viewed Americans and South Koreans as evil and that they were victims of them.

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25. Gruesome Representations of South Korea and America: Kathryn Weathersby

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25. Gruesome Representations of South Korea and America: Kathryn Weathersby

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 4, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author vividly describes how the Americans and South Koreans were portrayed negatively and were thought of as cheating the war.

Finally, the extreme degree of destruction from the bombing created a context within which the DPRK could succeed in attributing all the war’s atrocities to the United States. North Korean war museums under-represent the effects of the bombing, perhaps because highlighting American technological superiority and the lack of allied protection would raise uncomfortable questions. Instead, they present a narrative of wanton killing and grotesque brutality allegedly perpetrated by American ground soldiers.

Photos of shrouded bodies in mass graves are inevitably identified as victims of indiscriminate
killing by American soldiers, whatever the actual identity of the bodies or the source of the killing.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it demonstrates the hatred against the US and South Korea that North Koreans had because of false portrayals of their military.

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Jang, HyoJung. “Overview of the Korean War and its Legacy,"

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author tells of the hatred that lasted long after the war that led to border disputes and fights.

The mutual animosity and fear between the South and the North continued to proliferate in the immediate postwar years as incidents of conflicts, such as border skirmishes, espionage attempts, kidnappings and the like, never ceased to arise.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the fights and arguments that lasted long after the war happened.

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27. Political Impact Today: HyoJung Jang

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27. Political Impact Today: HyoJung Jang

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Jang, HyoJung. “Overview of the Korean War and its Legacy,"

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author describes the types of government that the Koreans adopted long after the war.

The two Koreas have developed their own states under different forms of government in the postwar recovery and modernization years.

South Korea has adopted democracy and capitalism while North Korea remains one of the most stringent and isolated communist states in the world today

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the contrast in opinions of government that the countries had.

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Jang, HyoJung. “Overview of the Korean War and its Legacy,"

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows the impact that the Korean war had economically and which countries did better.

In terms of economic development, the North was ahead of South up until 1960.

However, since 1960s South Korea underwent a rapid industrialization over the course of three decades and became a competitive player in the global arena.10

Although North Korea adheres to the "self-reliance" concept of the juche ideology, its economy is largely defunct and relies on foreign aid and alternative means to sustain the massive military regime.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows the economic impact that industries faced in North Korea and South Korea.

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 7, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows how the North was bombed more leading to more damage in the North.

In practice, however, the circumstances of the war led to indiscriminate bombing of the North. First, U.S. doctrine governing strategic bombing had been developed for enemies with large-scale, widely dispersed industrial plants.

Because the DPRK’s five major industrial centers were concentrated into relatively small areas, the Strategic Air Command (SAC) abandoned its practice of prioritizing targets by their contribution to the enemy’s war-making capacity in favor of attack by geographical
area

Summary: This source is important to my research because it shows how South Korea won the war in terms of destruction and bombs.

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Weathersby, Kathryn. Ending the Korean War: Considerations on the Role of History, 4, 2008

Paraphrase: In this section of the reading, the author shows that the majority of the was was fought in the air and not on land.

It is also worth noting that the experience of the war for American airmen was highly impersonal. Air Force veterans describe it as having been a “commuter war.”

Their daily routine was to leave their base in Japan in the morning, fly their mission, and return home in time for dinner. Their memories of the war overwhelmingly focus on the performance of their aircraft, and secondarily on the painful loss of fellow airmen.

Summary: This source is important to my research because it describes the impact of air quality and air space had on the war and the people in Korea.