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The war of 1812 was between the U.S and Great Britian and started due to America wanting to expand territory, the British trying to restrict U.S trades, and them forcing American sailors to work for their navy. The British had burned down the White House in 1814, but America was able to fight back attacks in New York and Balitmore which helped national confidence. In early 1815, they signed the Treaty of Ghent in agreement to stop fighting.

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The Mexican-American War was a war between the United States and Mexico. The war began because Mexico did not recognize as a legitimate American Territory and Texas’s admission to the United States antagonized Mexican officials and citizens. The cause of the war was because of a dispute about whether Texas ended at the Neuces River or the Rio Grande. This was an important event/war as it added many states to the United States (California, Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming).

(https://www.nps.gov/places/the-mexican-american-war.htm) (ASU, Expansion and Reform)

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In early 1861, Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States. Many states did not wait around to see what Abraham's presidency would be like before leaving the Union.

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In April of 1861, the Civil War officially began. The Confederate forces attacked the Union-held Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

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In 1863, the Union began to challenge the legendary jeb Stuart of the Confederate States of America. Lincoln's presidency include the issuance of the emancipation proclamation in 1863, which declared slaves in confederate-held territories free, and the Gettysburg Address in November of 1863, emphasizing the principles of equality and national unity.

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In the summer of 1864, 32,000 prisoners in the Union were crowed into open air. Some had rudimentary tents and others had to sleep out in open elements. This time was a crucial and intense period during the American Civil War, marked by signifcant military campaigns and battles.

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In April of 1865, the American Civil War officially ended with the surrender of the Confederate Army, under the Command of General Robert E. Lee, to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. The end of the Civil War brought about the beginning of the Reconstruction era, a period of rebuilding and reconciliation in the United States.

President Abraham Lincoln was assasinated on April 14, 1865.

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When Teddy Roosevelt became president, he established the first national monuments, including the Grand Canyon in 1908, the petrified forest and Montezuma's Castle (both created in 1906), Tonto National Monument and Temaca Quarry in 1908. These national monuments were established to protect the land, but also to protect cultural resources and archeological sites.
Because of Arizona's breathtaking scenery, the culture of Native Americans, and its effort to preserve Arizona’s past, these national monuments help boost the economy by attracting visitors and creating jobs. (GCU, Frontier Territory 1870-1900)

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After the Mexican-American War, Arizona become part of The Territory of New Mexico and eventually in 1863 The Territory of Arizona was established. Population grew as immigrants were coming to mine copper and silver in the 1870's which further voters push to make Arizona its own state, rather than become a part of New Mexico again. Arizona finally became its own state on February 14, 1912.

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World War I was global conflict fought between two coalitions, the Allies (France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Italy, and Japan) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria). WWI was caused by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. The U.S. joined the war in 1917 by declaring war on Germany. This war was significant for the U.S. as it was the first time the United States joined a coalition to fight a war that was not in or started in the U.S. World War I was also one of the factors that led to the Great Depression. The war also helped the copper communities in Arizona as copper was necessary for war machines, increasing profit and production, (GCU, Statehood 1900-1940).

(https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2017/summer/feature/world-war-i-changed-america-and-transformed-its-role-in-international-relations#:~:text=For%20the%20first%20time%20in,repeatedly%20over%20the%20next%20century.)

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The Great Depression is considered one of the worst economic times in history. With the "Roaring Twenties" just passed where wealth had doubled, rich citizens decided to invest their money into stocks. Eventually, the economy started to fail with high unemployment rates, low wages, and rising consumer debt. People raced to withdrawal money from their banks and ultimately, they were empty handed. This is an important event due to its further development of regulations in federal banks.

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The Dust Bowl is important to history as it affected the economical state of the country, especially farmers, just after the Great Depression. It started with severe dust storms in the early 1930’s and worsened to droughts as the years went by, gaining the name “The Dirty Thirties”. This caused livestock and crops to continue dying and forced farming families to move and find better living conditions.

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Civilian Conservation Corp (the CCC), 1933

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Civilian Conservation Corp (the CCC), 1933

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Franklin Roosevelt's administration established a federal public work project to provide jobs. The largest agency was the Civilian Conservation Corp, the CCC, which provided work for unemployed men between the ages of 17 and 24, who were paid $30 a month, $25 of which was sent home to their families. They performed construction work around the country. There were 18 CCC camps in Arizona, most of which were on the national forests, or the national parks. This helped combat high unemployment during the Great Depression. (GCU, Statehood 1900 to 1940)

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WWII was one of the biggest wars in history. Germanys invasion of Poland was what many say was the start of the war. The war lasted 6 years until the Allies (principle members were the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and China) defeated the Axis powers (led by Germany, Italy, and Japan). There were many factors that led to World War II such as the Treaty of Versailles, Invasion of Poland, Nazi ideology, Pearl Harbor, the Great Depression, etc. The United States joined the war in 1941 when declaring war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. World War II was a significant to the U.S. as it brought major changes to American lives. After the war, the Great Depression was disappearing as there were many job opportunities, the industrial production increased, etc. (ASU, Trials of the “Greatest Generation:” The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945))

(https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/great-depression-and-world-war-ii-1929-1945/world-war-ii/)

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Japan had planned for months to attack Pearl Harbor as the United States was helping China financially and with materials. Japan had been at war with China since 1937 and they believed if they attacked the U.S Pacific Fleet, they would be able to expand territory and market to help their economic problems. This is important event since the United States decided to enter World War II, more than 2 years after it started.

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By Jisselle Marmolejo, Yeselle Salgado Canales, Dennise Mendez