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The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients through mechanical and chemical processes, primarily occurring in the stomach and small intestine. Enzymes like amylase and lipase aid in digestion, breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal walls for energy and bodily functions.

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The circulatory system is comprised of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, responsible for transporting nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It consists of two main types of blood vessels: arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, and veins, which return oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. The heart pumps approximately 2,000 gallons of blood daily, ensuring vital substances reach cells and tissues while maintaining homeostasis and supporting overall health and function.

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The respiratory system is vital for gas exchange, supplying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide. It includes organs like the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and diaphragm. Respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can significantly impact breathing and overall health.

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The endocrine system comprises glands that secrete hormones regulating various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to target organs, exerting control over physiological processes. Disruption of the endocrine system can lead to hormonal imbalances, causing conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, and infertility.

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The musculoskeletal system provides structure, support, and movement to the body. It consists of bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints. Regular exercise and proper nutrition are essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health, preventing injuries, and promoting overall well-being.

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The nervous system is the body's communication network, composed of neurons transmitting electrical signals. It regulates bodily functions, including movement, sensation, and cognition. Its central component, the brain, coordinates complex tasks. The peripheral nervous system extends throughout the body, relaying information to and from the brain.

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The immune system defends the body against pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. It comprises various components, such as white blood cells, antibodies, and the lymphatic system. Immunological memory allows for faster and more effective responses upon subsequent exposure to familiar pathogens, providing long-term protection.

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The reproductive system is essential for species' continuation, involving organs like the ovaries and testes. It encompasses processes such as gamete production, fertilization, and gestation. Hormonal regulation, facilitated by glands like the pituitary and gonads, coordinates reproductive functions, influencing secondary sexual characteristics and menstrual cycles.

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Your Digestive System &amp; How it Works. (2023, February 28). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works

Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-a). Circulatory system. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21775-circulatory-system

Respiratory system | Canadian Lung Association. (n.d.). https://www.lung.ca/lung-health/lung-info/respiratory-system

Anatomy of the endocrine system. (2019, November 19). Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/anatomy-of-the-endocrine-system

World Health Organization: WHO. (2022, July 14). Musculoskeletal health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions

Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-b). Nervous system. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21202-nervous-system

National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Immune system and disorders. Autoimmune Disease | MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html

Introduction to the reproductive System | SEER training. (n.d.). https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/reproductive/